Засіб у формі гелевої композиції для лікування запальних та дистрофічно-запальних захворювань тканин пародонта, який містить як активний компонент бензидаміну гідрохлорид, який відрізняється тим, що містить бензидаміну гідрохлорид у формі розтертої до порошкоподібного стану таблетки Т-септ та додатково містить як активний компонент протефлазід у складі гелевої основи, що містить альгінат натрію, ніпагін та воду для ін'єкцій, при наступному співвідношенні компонентів, мас. %: альгінат натрію 5,0 ніпагін 0,15 бензидаміну гідрохлорид, що відповідає вмісту 1 розтертої до порошкоподібного стану таблетки Т-септу 0,03 протефлазід 15,0 вода для ін'єкцій 79,82.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is a contagious respiratory virus causing atypical pneumonia COVID-19 in adult and children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The SARS-CoV-2 genome also encodes four structural (S, E, M and N) and up to six accessory (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, and 9b) proteins. The spike protein (S) is further divided into 2 subunits, S1 and S2 that mediate host cell attachment and invasion. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) that target the spike protein have been shown to yield clinical benefits in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article represents a clinical case of a 59-year-old man with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and intracerebral haemorrhage, who was treated with the use of monoclonal antibodies bamlanivimab and etesevimab. Equally, it presents a review of these drugs’ application for COVID-19 treatment in adults
and children
To date, various manifestations of allergic reactions and diseases are registered in 15-35% of the population according to the World Health Organization, and in recent years there has been a constant tendency to increase [1]. The first sign of allergic pathology in children, as a rule, is a food allergy, which is mainly manifested by atopic dermatitis. According to official statistics, the rate of atopic dermatitis in Ukraine is known to range from 3 to 10 per 1000 children [2]. However, the results obtained in some regions of our country according to studies under the standardized international program ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), exceed the above figures by 5-10 times [3]. This situation can be explained by the presence of terminological differences in the interpretation of atopic dermatitis in children, different methodological approaches to statistical research, clinical and age-related polymorphism of the disease. The development of atopic march can begin with a food allergy, so all efforts of physicians should be directed to prevent the transformation of skin forms into respiratory ones and provide the patient and his/her parents with a full quality of life [4,5]. The “School of Atopy” operates under the auspices of the MNPE “Lviv City Children’s Clinical Hospital” and the Lviv City Children’s Allergological Center, where a model of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with food allergies according to European standards was reproduced. Every patient treated for food allergies goes from diagnosis to treatment. Of course, great emphasis is placed on preventing and predicting the development of atopic march in children and improving the quality of life of patients and their parents.
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) place an enormous impact on patients and primary healthcare system due to their extraordinary incidence. In 2019, the world prevalence of ARTI reached 17.2 billion and accounted for 43.8% of all causes of the global disease burden [1]. Respiratory infections are the most common reason for seeking medical attention, with personal recurrence rates ranging from 2 to 6 times per year [2]. Although usually mild and self-limiting, ARTIs significantly affect work productivity and quality of life [3].
Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought a new challenge, being both common and severe, affecting upper and lower airways with considerable constitutional symptoms. As with other respiratory infections, the management of outpatients with mild COVID-19 without risk of progressing to severe disease, remains supportive and include close observation for early recognition of the life-threatening symptoms, reduction the risk of further SARS-CoV-2 transmission, advising on when to seek an in-person evaluation [4]. Absence of the effective specific measures in most COVID-19 cases serves a rationale for exploration of a new complementary approaches, one of which may be the use of probiotics.
Indirect evidence shows that patients with COVID-19 and diarrhea have more severe disease, increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines, markers of tissue damage, suggesting the intestinal cells can serve an additional entry and reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 [5, 6]. As with type II alveolar cells, intestinal and colonic enterocytes express angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor though which SARS-CoV-2 inoculates the body [7]. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli adhering to enterocytes can hypothetically interfere with infection process and disease manifestation [8,9,10]. Interestingly that bacteria may potentially downregulate amide and peptide metabolism in the gut including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [11, 12]. It may explain the reason that cell cultures exposed to probiotics yielded lesser amount of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses [13]. Additionally, the beneficial effects of probiotics in respiratory infections can be realized via several non-specific mechanisms discussed within the gut-lung axis paradigm [14], including enhancement of innate antiviral immune defense [15]. A recent systematic review of 23 randomized clinical trials involving a total of 6950 participants with ARTI, demonstrated fewer cases, shorter case duration, and reduced antibiotic prescription rates in patients taking probiotics [16].
The objective of this study was to assess the role of short-term ingestion of probiotics in mild symptomatic COVID-19, post-disease symptoms, and humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in outpatients.
Abstract.
Ensuring the monitoring of the quality of educational services and the educational process in higher education institutions (HEIs), that offer Educational Programs to train specialists in medical and pharmaceutical branches is one of the health care obligations that Ukraine as a state undertakes. Traditionally, specialists for pharmaceutical manufacturing were trained mostly at the HEIs, which were subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES), and those for pharmacies and hospital pharmacies were trained at the HEIs, subordinated to the
Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MOH).
In 2016, a single specialty 226 "Pharmacy" was introduced, and in 2017 the title name of the specialty was specified as 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy". The draft of Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) "On the Amendments to the List of a branch of knowledge and specialties for higher education" provides dividing of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy" into two separate specialties: 226 "Pharmacy", which remains in the branch of knowledge 22 "Health Care", and 188 "Industrial Pharmacy", which potentially will be transferred to the branch of knowledge 18 "Manufacturing and Technology". The dividing of specialty into two separate ones is pertinent; however, the problem of transfer significantly affects the training of highly qualified human resources. That is why it is important to take out this problem from a limited circle of specialists in the pharmaceutical branch to the general public.
The research aimed to study and summarize the legislation on the current state of specialists training for the pharmaceutical branch by the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy", as well as the search for possible ways to solve the educational problem. The following methods were applied: meta-analysis, desk research, comparative analysis and modeling.
It is established the necessity to save the specialty "Industrial Pharmacy" in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Care", as its removal levels the results of specialists training and makes it impossible for the functioning pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine. As a result of this process, obstacles will be created for the research realization, development, and implementation of new medicines and generic drugs. It is extremely important to save the specialty "Industrial Pharmacy" in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Care". This is the only possible way to guarantee the quality of the drugs according to the Complex of Good Pharmaceutical Practices (GMP, GLP, GCP, GDP, GPP, GSP, GEP, GPEP) at all stages of its promotion from manufacturer to the patient, that will facilitate scientific research and development of new safe, effective, high-quality medicines, and also will allow providing training of highly skilled specialists for pharmaceutical branch.