УДК 616.36–004:616.24–008.811.6–036

The aim of the study. To determine the frequency and character of syntropic extrahepatic lesions in cirrhotic patients depending on the hepatopulmonary syndrome severity degree.

Materials and methods. In a randomized manner with preliminary stratification by the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome were studied 93 patients with liver cirrhosis, who underwent the comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination.

Results. According to the obtained results, most often in patients with liver cirrhosis associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome syntropic extrahepatic lesions affected other organ systems as follows: digestive system - 100.0 % patients under investigation; hematopoietic system - 84.9 %; nervous system - 81.7 %; integumentary system and mucous membranes - 78.5 %; blood circulatory system - 76. 3 %; osteoarticular system - 67.7 %; urinary system - 22.6 %. Increased severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with thein creased frequency of lesions.

Among syntropic polymorbid lesions of the integumentary system and mucous membranes, 68.8 % patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome had jaundice, 66.7 % - telangiectasia. Among lesions of the osteoarticular system osteopenia was diagnosed in 44.7 % of patients, osteoporosis - in 27.7 %. Among lesions of the circulatory system 52.7% of patients suffered from heart rhythm disorders, 49.5 % - from arterial hypotension, 20.4 % - from cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Among lesions of the hematopoietic system anemia (76.3 %), coagulopathy (73.1 %) and thrombocytopenia (61.3 %) were diagnosed most often. Digestive system lesionsinclude esophageal veins varicosities (94.6 % of patients), hemorrhoidal veins varicosites (68.8 %), and cirrhotic gastropathy (62.4 %). Among lesions of the urinary systemin 21.5 % of patientswas diagnosed type II hepatorenal syndrome. Among the lesions of central nervous system in 81.7 % of patientswas diagnosed hepatic encephalopathy. The frequency of syndromes and nosological units increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase of hepatopulmonary syndrome severity.

Conclusions. 100.0 % patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied byhepatopulmonary syndromewere affected by syntropic polymorbid lesionsof the digestive system, 94.6 % of which were represented by esophageal vein varicosites. Out of 84.9 % of patients with hematopoietic lesions anemia was diagnosed in 76.3 %, coagulopathy - in 73.1 % of cases. Of total 81.7 % patients withnervous system injurieshepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 81.7 % patients. In 78.5 % cases of damaged skin, its appendages and mucous membranesjaundice covered 68.8 %, and telangiectasia 66.7 % of cases. In 76.3 % of cardiovascular system lesions arrhythmias were diagnosed in 52.7 %. With the increasing severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome, the frequency of the above lesions increased significantly (p < 0.05).

УДК 615.5–002.525.2:616.1]–06–07

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to damage to numerous organs or systems still requires comprehensive study.

The aim of the study. To find out the clinical markers of the blood vessels syntropic lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, their diagnostic value.

Materials and methods. 118 patients with SLE with syntropic lesions of the circulatory system were examined (107 women (90.68 %) and 11 men (9.32 %) aged 18 to 74 years (average age 42.48 ±1.12 years)).

The study included the identification of clinical markers of blood vessels syntropic lesions, determination of the diagnostic value of individual clinical markers and their constellations in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in patients with SLE, and the identification of one of them with the most reliable diagnostic value.

Results. Clinical markers for detecting A. G. M. Raynaud’s syndrome in patients with SLE are morning stiffness, new rashes, paleness of the fingers and toes in the cold, chilliness of the extremities, memory problems, symptomatic hypertension - skin dryness, legs swelling, shortness of breath, palpitations, headache, increased blood pressure, displacement of the left border of the heart to the left, accent of the second tone on the aorta, livedo reticularis - skin dryness, chilliness of the extremities, shortness of breath,  retinal angiopathy - morning stiffness, paleness of the fingers and toes in the cold, legs swelling, shortness of breath, palpitations, headache, increased blood pressure, displacement of the left border of the heart to the left, accent of the second tone on the aorta, pulmonary hypertension - morning stiffness, legs swelling, shortness of breath, palpitations, memory problems, accent of the second tone on the pulmonary artery, atherosclerosis - muscle ache, shortness of breath, memory problems,  venous thrombosis - legs swelling, shortness of breath, palpitations, capillaritis - headache.

The optimal value for the diagnosis of A. G. M. Raynaud’s syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is the constellation of clinical markers "joint pain + chilliness of the extremities", symptomatic hypertension - a separate clinical marker accent of the second tone on the aorta, livedo reticularis - "joint pain + new rash + shortness of breath", retinal angiopathy - "joint pain + increased blood pressure", pulmonary hypertension - a separate clinical marker accent of the second tone on the pulmonary artery or the constellation "joint pain + accent of the second tone on the pulmonary artery", atherosclerosis - a separate clinical marker shortness of breath or the constellation "joint pain + shortness of breath", venous thrombosis - "joint pain + photosensitivity + shortness of breath", capillaritis - "palpitations + headache + increased blood pressure".

Conclusions. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus the optimal diagnostic value among clinical monomarkers and their constellations for the detecting of A. G. M. Raynaud’s syndrome have chilliness of the extremities, "joint pain + chilliness of the extremities" with an advantage in the constellation, symptomatic hypertension - accent of the second tone on the aorta, "joint pain + accent of the second tone on the aorta" with an advantage in the monomarker,  livedo reticularis - shortness of breath, "joint pain + new rash + shortness of breath" with an advantage in the constellation, retinal angiopathy - increased blood pressure, "joint pain + increased blood pressure" with an advantage in the constellation, pulmonary hypertension - accent of the second tone on the pulmonary artery or the constellation "joint pain + accent of the second tone on the pulmonary artery", atherosclerosis - shortness of breath or the constellation "joint pain + shortness of breath", venous thrombosis - legs swelling, "joint pain + photosensitivity + shortness of breath" with an advantage in the constellation, capillaritis - headache, "palpitations + headache + increased blood pressure" with an advantage in the constellation.

Aim: To assess the correlation between lipoprotein(a) levels and traditional lipid profile markers in statin-naive men and women without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven statin-naive adult patients without a prior history of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were included in the study. Lipoprotein(a) levels were determined using nephelometry in all patients.

Results: According to the results of the correlation analysis, it was found that there is no statistically significant correlation between lipoprotein(a) level and traditional parametres of lipid profile in both groups (p>0.05). Reliable direct correlation of moderate strength was observed between lipoprotein(a) and age

in the group A (R=0.46, p=0.04).

Conclusions: Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, independent of other lipid profile parameters, can significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk, emphasizing the importance of routine lipoprotein(a) screening in clinical practice. It is particularly noteworthy that lipoprotein(a) concentrations tend to increase after menopause, potentially placing postmenopausal women at an elevated risk for cardiovascular events. Consequently, it is imperative to monitor lipoprotein(a) levels in females, especially during the peri-menopausal and postmenopausal stages, to more accurately assess and manage cardiovascular risk in this population.

UDC: 616.33/.342–002.446–018.73:612.32]–085.243]–037

Introduction. Evaluating acid-reducing medications through their effect on various gastric juice parameters in peptic ulcer patients provides deeper insight into the complex mechanism of gastric secretion, which includes acidity levels, pepsin, electrolytes, bicarbonates, and mucus.

The aim of the study. To determine the prognostic value of gastric secretion parameters and their constellations for predicting parietal cell response to submaximal pentagastrin stimulation and the blocking effect of famotidine in patients with gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer disease.

Materials and methods. The study included 40 randomized Helicobacter pylori-positive patients (28 women, 12 men, aged 18-68) with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer disease in the acute phase. Modified fractional probing was used to assess changes in gastric secretion.

Results. H⁺ debit in basal secretion showed a significant direct correlation with multiple parameters. Different acid responses to stimulation were associated with specific baseline parameter constellations. Weak response to H₂-blocker was confirmed in patients with hyperacidity after stimulation, combined with elevated HCl and increased total acidity in basal secretion. A strong response to H₂-blocker was confirmed in several parameter constellations, with the best predictive constellation (p < 0.01) including elevated N-acetylneuraminic acid, normal K⁺, normal pepsin debit, normal pepsin, and elevated Na⁺ in basal secretion.

Conclusions. The prognostic value of gastric secretion parameters and their constellations allows tailoring blocker dosage: higher doses for patients predicted to have a weak response and lower doses for those predicted to have a strong response to stimulation.

УДК: 611.216.1/.2-002-073.75

Численні наукові дослідження присвячені вивченню морфологічної будови приносових пазух та 
діагностичних критеріїв їх уражень. 
Мета роботи: дослідження та порівняння частоти ізольованих та поєднаних синуситів верхньощелепних 
та лобових пазух за даними рентгенографічного обстеження. 
Об’єкт і методи дослідження. Проаналізовано 100 анонімізованих рентгенограми осіб зрілого віку (50 
чоловіків та 50 жінок), які проходили обстеження з приводу запальних уражень приносових пазух. Всі знімки 
були виконані в потилично-підборідній проекції за Уотерсом.
Результати дослідження. В опрацьованій вибірці виявлено різні варіанти ізольованих або поєднаних 
запальних уражень верхньощелепних та лобових пазух. У 100% обстежених спостерігали ознаки одно- або 
двохстороннього гаймориту. У 84% обстежених осіб діагностовано ураження лише верхньощелепних пазух, 
у 16% – поєднане ураження верхньощелепних та лобових пазух. Частка чоловіків з одностороннім катараль-
ним гайморитом становила 22% з двостороннім катаральним гайморитом також 22%, з двостороннім ексуда-
тивним гайморитом – 24%, з одностороннім ексудативним гайморитом – 14%. Частка жінок з двостороннім 
катаральним гайморитом становила 30%, з одностороннім – 20%, з двостороннім ексудативним гайморитом I

– 16%, з односторонній – 20%. Двостороннє поєднане ураження верхньощелепних та лобових пазух виявлено у 4% обстежених, одностороннє – у 7%. Жодного випадку ізольованого фронтиту в опрацьованій вибірці не виявлено.
Висновки. За даними рентгенографічного обстеження запальні процеси у верхньощелепних пазухах спо-
стерігаються у 6 разів частіше, ніж у лобових. Ізольовані ураження верхньощелепних пазух виявлено у 5 разів частіше, ніж у поєднанні ураження верхньощелепної та лобової пазух.
Ключові слова: верхньощелепні пазухи, лобові пазухи, гайморит, фронтит, рентгенографія.