Репозитарій

УДК 616.411-006.2-036.8-08-089-053.2

Лікування кіст селезінки (КС) у дітей є варіабельним і дискусійним. Залежно від розмірів та локалізації
цих утворень у селезінці можлива хірургічна корекція при відкритій чи лапароскопічній операції або консервативне (неінвазивне) ведення. Результатом лікування КС має бути повна ліквідація порожнини кісти.
Мета – оцінити результати хірургічної корекції або консервативного ведення КС у дітей за даними віддалених моніторингових змін.
Матеріали таметоди. Проведено дослідження 265 дітей віком 0–17 років (середній вік – 11,25±4,21 року), які проходили обстеження та лікування з приводу КС. Прооперовано 175 (66,04±2,91%) дітей, а 90 (33,96±2,91%) пацієнтів проліковано консервативно. Статистичній обробці піддано всю інформацію, фіксовану в медичній документації, яка певною мірою могла б характеризувати ситуацію з процесом лікування та з динамічним спостереженням при цій патології.
Результати. Найбільш поширеними локалізаціями кіст були верхній (33,21±2,89%) або середній (29,81±2,81%) сегменти селезінки. Практично кожний четвертий (27,92±2,76%) пацієнт із КС мав патологію інших органів чи систем, а кожний десятий (9,81±1,83%) – інші захворювання селезінки. Залишкова кіста виявлена у 46,42±3,06% пацієнтів, яка протягом 1–3 років піддалася повній регресії. Залишкова кіста малих
розмірів (яка зберігалася після хірургічної корекції) значно швидше регресувала після хірургічного втручання, ніж кістозне утворення малих розмірів у селезінці при консервативному веденні (р<0,05).
Висновки. Лікувальна тактика при КС у дітей передбачає різні варіанти індивідуальної хірургічної корекції або консервативного ведення, що залежить від локалізації, розмірів, співвідношення до архітектоніки магістральних судин і варіанта ураження паренхіми селезінки. Результат лікування дітей КС залежить від об’єму, локалізації, етіології ураження, методу корекції та дотримання всіх рекомендацій у післяопераційному періоді на тлі супутніх захворювань.
Дослідження виконано відповідно до принципів Гельсінської декларації. Протокол дослідження ухвалено Локальним етичним комітетом усіх зазначених у роботі установ. На проведення досліджень отримано
інформовану згоду батьків, дітей.

УДК: 614.25

Aim. The research aims at improving the quality of rendering medical care in the urology departments of health care facilities by conducting the clinical audit with advanced study of causes of dissatisfaction of patients with the medical service provided.

Material and Methods. Sociological research included the questioning of 405 patients who were treated in the urology departments of the municipal nonprofit enterprise of the Lviv Regional Council "Clinical Emergency Hospital". The respondents estimated the quality of providing health care in the sphere of medical service, informational content, financing, the quality of diagnosis and treatment. Methods of structural-logical analysis, systemic approach and analysis, calculation of mean and relative values, calculation of satisfaction index with services provided are used in this work.

Results and Discussion. The determination of the level of respondents' satisfaction with inpatient treatment showed that, in total, that the number of dissatisfied among the interviewed were 7.16±1.28 % persons. The focus-group of such persons was singled out: patients of active working age, financially - able, mainly with higher education, most often with diagnosis of urolithiasis, who suffered from pain syndrome, with late appealing for medical care (more than 24 hours), they were operated on and waited for the quick results of treatment, even despite the positive final result of treatment. These patients demanded more attention of a doctor, were dissatisfied with the work of paramedical personnel, conflicted with ward neighbors, had claims to availability and quality of medical equipment, sanitary state of premises of the department.

Conclusions. The results of the clinical audit targeting the satisfaction of patients with medical services provided as one of the forms of receiving the patient feedback concerning the quality of medical aid, point out, on one hand, the appropriate level of availability of services, interpersonal attitudes, infrastructure, execution of technical demands as to quality and standard compliance by the staff of department. While, on the other hand, the audit results indicate the presence of dissatisfied with some certain services in the department. The focus-groups of dissatisfied make it possible to take into account the personal approaches in rendering medical aid to such categories of population, that in total will improve and increase the quality of providing medical services. Basing on the results of clinical audit, the recommendations as to the perfection of medical care management in the urology departments of health care facilities.

УДК: 614.2: 519.2

The research aims at improving the quality assessment of clinical audit results in Ukraine using the complex of statistical methods and studying statistical methods in foreign reports of the clinical audit and personal experience.

Materials and Methods. The research was performed by analyzing the reports of clinical audit (n=62), held during 2021 by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership. The spectrum of statistical methods was extended by the analysis of the example of a sociological survey of patients (n=405) regarding the quality assessment of medical care. The methods applied in the current study included systemic approach and analysis, structural and logical analysis, correlation and regressive analysis, calculation of relative values.

Results and Discussion. All 100% clinical audit reports, carried out by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership were based on the results of the statistical calculations. The most common method of processing results is the epidemiological statistics (93.5%), ratio of chances/risks (30.6%), probability assessment by Х² Pearson's method (21.0%). It is noteworthy that for pointing the central tendency almost in half of the cases (46.8 %) the median and the Interquartile Range were used. Complex mathematical methods such as the survival assessment by Kaplan- Meier and method multiple regression were used in 6.5 % та 4.8 % reports, accordingly.

Conclusions. Based on our own experience, we suggested implementation of standardization methods, a detailed correlation and regressive analysis, neuro networks and power analysis into the methodology (technique) of the clinical audit. Implementation of spectrum of evidentially substantiated methods of statistical analysis will allow to increase the evidence level and to deepen the statistical analysis of databases when conducting the clinical audit, аnd therefore, the quality assessment of clinical audit results will increase.

УДК: 618.39:618.179(477+477.83)"2014-2021"

Aim. The research aims at rationalizing of the epidemiological component in the process of developing a model for preventing miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the indicators of miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine and Lviv region for the period from 2014 to 2021 was carried out. Statistical data of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used, namely Form No. 21 "Report on medical care for pregnant women, women in labor and women giving birth". The study uses the methods of a systemic approach and structural-logical analysis, medical-statistical analysis, namely the calculation of chain (relative to the previous year) indicators of a dynamic series: absolute growth, growth rate and increment rate.

Results and Discussion. A decrease in the female population of fertile age by 13.03% in Ukraine and by 5.81% in Lviv region was noted in the analyzed period of 2014-2021, while the number of spontaneous abortions in Ukraine decreased by an average of 3.45% per year, and grew in Lviv region in 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020 by 5.72%, 6.87%, 19.29% and 6.59%, respectively. The rates of spontaneous abortions per 1,000 women of fertile age in Lviv region were twice as low as in Ukraine. Over the analyzed 8-year period, the share of premature children among all live births increased from 4.68% to 5.68% in Ukraine, and from 4.18% to 5.65% in Lviv region, respectively; these indicators in Lviv region were smaller compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The share of premature babies among stillbirths averaged 63.07% in Ukraine and 67.69% in Lviv region, had a growing trend, and the indicators in Lviv region were higher every year compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The ratio of the total rate of miscarriage to the total number of pregnancies (cases of miscarriage per 100 pregnancies) increased from 5.50 in 2014 to 6.22 in 2021 in Ukraine and from 3.57 to 4.72 in Lviv region respectively.

Conclusions. There was a trend of annual increase in the index of the ratio of the total miscarriage rate to the total number of pregnancies, the share of prematures from the total number of live births and the share of premature births from the number of stillbirths in the analyzed 8-year period, both in Ukraine and in Lviv region. The analyzed indicators of the share of premature newborns from the total number of live births in Lviv region were lower every year, and the share of newborns from the total number of stillbirths was higher compared to the average annual indicators in Ukraine. The dynamics of spontaneous abortions showed a clear trend towards an annual decrease in Ukraine and their increase in 2015, 2018-2020 in Lviv region. The rate of spontaneous abortions among women of fertile age in Lviv region from 2014 to 2021 was annually half as low compared to the average annual levels of this indicator in Ukraine.