Репозитарій

УДК 613.97: 613.84

Мета: охарактеризувати медико-соціальний портрет курця електронних сигарет із нікотином серед молодого населення Львівської області.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено опитування, в якому взяли участь 817 респондентів молодого віку (від 18 до 45 років), які проживають у Львівській області. З-поміж них ми виокремили фокус-групу з 96 респондентів, які вказали, що використовують для куріння електронні сигарети з нікотином (ЕСН).

Результати. Середній вік курця ЕСН, у якому він/вона вперше спробував/-ла тютюнові вироби, склав 16,00 (15,75; 18,00) років та не відрізнявся від середнього віку курців інших тютюнових виробів, зокрема звичайних сигарет та тютюнових виробів для електронного нагрівання. Майже половина опитуваних ((47,92±5,10) %) споживачів вказала, що ЕСН курить регулярно. Найбільший відсоток ((37,50±4,94) %) анкетованих користувачів ЕСН припадає на курців, що навчаються. З’ясовано, що (66,67±4,81) % респондентів приховує споживання ЕСН від членів своєї сім’ї. Половина споживачів ЕСН повідомляє, що їх батьки курять, а також близько половини анкетованих курців даної фокус-групи мають більше 10 знайомих і близьких, що використовують новітні пристрої для споживання тютюну.

Серед найпопулярніших причин, чому споживачі використовують новітні пристрої для споживання тютюну, найбільший відсоток опитуваних курців ЕСН вказує на емоційну складову (поганий настрій, відчуття тривоги, депресія тощо) як на чинник, що спонукає їх до застосування ЕСН. Також в умовах війни в Україні (50,00±5,10) % опитуваних курців ЕСН вказують, що з повномасштабним вторгненням росії зросла частота вживання ними тютюнових виробів.

Попри доволі сумні тенденції у світі та в Україні, більшість користувачів ЕСН стверджує, що не має жодних хронічних захворювань. Це може свідчити про відтягування візиту до лікаря та звичайне ігнорування проблеми до крайнього її загострення. Також це може бути пов’язане з тим, що курять власне молоді люди, які ще не мають хронічних захворювань, та які з роками вживання тютюнових виробів набудуть їх.

Висновок. Отримана інформація буде використана при опрацюванні персоніфікованої моделі попередження новітніх методів споживання тютюнових виробів серед населення молодого віку в Львівській області.

Introduction: The treatment of most diseases in dentistry is related to the local application of antiseptic drugs that regulate the microbiocenosis in the oral cavity. The study of pharmacodynamic and kinetic parameters of the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the dosage form (DF) is an important task. In this study, we tried to evaluate the release of APIs from developed dental medicinal films (DMF) produced on a polymeric basis. Methods: To confirm the antimicrobial activity of the three developed DMF with amizon, decamethoxine and chlorhexidine digluconate, a statistical analysis and mathematical processing of the research results were carried out. Results: Statistical processing made it possible to organize the results of our earlier studies, in which the concentrations of three APIs (amizon, decamethoxine, and chlorhexidine digluconate) were determined during their diffusion from the polymer base of the DMF to the aqueous dispersion medium (0.9% sodium chloride solution). Due to performed statistical calculations, regarding the reliability of APIs release, it was determined that the time duration of complete release of the three active substances from the polymer base was different, which will ultimately affect the duration of the pharmacological effect of the APIs in the patient's body. Conclusion: In the manufacture of DMF on a polymeric base of hydrophilic type, it is necessary to take into account the release time of each API, according to the composition of the polymeric coatings.

УДK: 616:303.62]-071.1-038-037:618.39

The increase in the frequency of pregnancy loss and the negative prognostic trend with the probable development of the demographic crisis in connection with the martial law in Ukraine and the mass migration of the female population provoked by it, requires the search for all possible ways of prevention and prophylactic of this pathology.

Aim. Development and scientific substantiation of a risk-oriented model of prevention of pregnancy loss.

Material and Methods. In the course of creating a model for determining the probability of the appearance of symptoms of pregnancy loss, we used a step-by-step method of logistic regression with the gradual exclusion of unreliable signs according to the Wald method.

Results and Discussion. In the process of sociological research, the importance of 30 risk factors was analyzed, and 14 factors were singled out from among them using the logistic regression method, which, when combined, have a probable impact on the development of pregnancy loss. Namely: emotional strain/stress in everyday life, first ultrasound and biochemical screening, history of herpes type 1, chlamydial infection, COVID-19, tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis/sinusitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, presence of type I diabetes, use of artificial insemination, wine consumption, additional use of folic acid and drugs, marital status, and computer work. Among these 14 factors, three have a preventive effect, while the other 11 increase the risk of developing the pathology of pregnancy loss. This preventive model is reliable (p<0.001) and was transformed into the application "Individual prediction of the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology" created for the Android platform, which provides 95.5% accuracy of the prediction of the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology.

Conclusions. The personalized preventive model can be applied by general practitioners/family doctors and obstetrician-gynecologists in order to form risk groups among pregnant women and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology.

UDC 616.988:578.834-06:616.441-008.6`]-053.2

The problem of thyroid dysfunction related to S S-oV-2 infection remains unclear in children. Therefore, the study aimed to reveal the interrelationship between thyroid dysfunction and VID-19 severity as well as to determine optimal cut-off values for screening for thyroid disorders in children. A total number of 90 children aged from 1 month to 17 years were involved in the study. Patients with known thyroid disease were not recruited for the research. thyroid panel was assessed for all participants that included: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO) antibodies. Statistical analysis was done using the computer software Statistica 13.0. Research has revealed euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in 14.10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected children more often among patients with severe COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (33.33%) compared to mild COVID-19 course (6.67%) and moderate disease severity (8.89%) (P < 0.05). Significant correlation relationships were revealed for next values – FT3 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (S) (rs = -0.22; P < 0.05); FT3 and Creactive protein ( P) (rs = -0.33; P < 0.05); FT3 and procalcitonin (rs = -0.43; P < 0.05). The next cut-off values for ESS determination were revealed: ESR 18.5 mm/h (AUC 0.803); CRP 11.5 mg/l (AUC 0.763); ferritin 84.8 ng/ml (AUC 0.733). Results suggest that pediatricians should pay attention to the endocrine disruptions by VID-19 in children. 

Introduction.  Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and relevant disease, especially in developed countries. Radical prostatectomy (RP) remains the gold standard for the treatment of localized PCa. However, research findings often show conflicting results regarding the potential dividends in patients that choose this option. A recent meta- analysis demonstrated that the greatest benefits were observed in the high-risk group of PCa patients. Therefore, the identification of this contingent of patients is highly relevant. 
Biomarkers remain promising in this context. In particular, PCA3, the use of which is actively discussed, taking into account the heterogeneity of the research results. In our opinion, this can be associated with the studies designs. Objectives. In this work, we tried to evaluate the relationship between the PCa patients urine PCA3 levels and the tumor dominant growth pattern (TDGP) according to the tumor zone origin (TZO) in the context of the postoperative ISUP class (ISUP-GG). Materials and methods. The inclusion criteria were the presence of results: urine PCA3, total PSA, prostate MRI, ISUP-GG. The study included 130 participants, that were divided into subgroups depending on the TZO and TDGP: aPCa (anterior), aPZ-PCa (anterior, peripheral zone) and pPZ-PCa (posterior, peripheral zone). Results. The zones of origin of tumors according to the division into subgroups determined on the basis of MRI were confirmed by the results of patho- histological conclusion.  A statistically significant difference between the study subgroups was observed only in PCA3 levels.  The PSA level was significantly different only between the aPZ-PCa and pPZ-PCa groups. Based on the results of Spearman's rank correlation analysis, a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of PCA3 and ISUP- GG was obtained in the pPZ-PCa group. Conclusions.  It is worth taking into account the TZO and TDGP of PCa when PCA3 urine levels is interpreted.