The presence of several different autoantibodies (auto-AT) at the same time is a specific peculiarity of the “autoantibody profile” of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). It is known that the induction of auto-AT formation involves both nonspecific and antigen-specific immunoregulatory disorders. In apoptosis, the primary changes in the cell membrane composition or/and the excretion of intracellular compounds into the intercellular milieu lead to an inflammatory reaction. The purpose of the study was to highlight the connection between apoptosis and secondary necrosis of granulocytes and
mononuclear (lymphocytes and monocytes) with inflammation activity in patients with SLE to improve diagnosis and basic therapy efficacy. In patients with SLE, secondary necrosis of granulocytes was 3.4 times higher compared to healthy control. Moreover, the level of apoptotic monocytes was 1.87 times higher, and secondary necrosis of monocytes was 5.58 times higher than healthy control. The secondary necrosis of lymphocytes was higher by 9.0 times than in the case of healthy control. The usage of Apolect technology in patients with SLE allows differentiating various cell types of immunological inflammation with the analysis of the degree of apoptosis and secondary necrosis of immunocompetent cells (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) to determine the agg
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in a nonenzymatic reaction of the reducing sugars with amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids of different tissues and body fluids. A relatively small number of studies have been conducted on the role of AGEs in allergic inflammation. In this study, patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus and the content of fluorescent and nonfluorescent AGEs. We have also determined the level of a unique epitope (AGE10) which was recently identified in human serum using monoclonal antibodies against synthetic melibiose-derived AGE (MAGE). The levels of AGE10 determined with an immunoenzymatic method revealed no significant difference in the patients' blood with intermittent AR and chronic EBV persistence in the active and latent phases. It has been shown that there is a statistically significantly smaller amount of AGEs and pentosidine in groups of patients, both with and without viremia, than in healthy subjects. In turn, higher levels of immune complexes than of AGE10 were detected in the groups of patients, in contrast to the control group, which had lower levels of complexes than AGE10 concentration. In patients with active infection, there is even more complexes than of noncomplexed AGE10 antigen. The lower level of AGE in allergic rhinitis patient sera may also be due, besides complexes, to allergic inflammation continuously activating the cells, which effectively remove glycation products from the body.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are systemic autoimmune diseases that may lead to multiorgan failure due to the destruction of small- and medium-sized blood vessels. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may exacerbate autoimmune diseases and induced vasculitis.
METHODS: 9 patients median age 42 years (IQR, 31 to 50) with AAV after SARS-CoV-2 were assessed for signs of autoimmune disease and
serologic inflammation.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in median age between male and female groups. Symptoms and comorbidities were comparable in
men and women. All patients were hospitalized with fever, cough, and vasculitis symptoms. Fever (88.9 %), cough (66.7 %), skin and oral lesions
(88.9%), polyarthralgia (55.6%) and myalgia (44.4%) were the most common symptoms. Five patients (55.6%) experienced asthenia. Morbilliform eruptions (44.4%), papules and peripheral erythema (55.6%), and pernio-like acral lesions (33.3%) were distributed symmetrically on all extremities and lower trunk. Microvascular thrombosis was seen in skin biopsies of two patients with vaso-occlusive cutaneous lesions.
Serology showed positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-myeloperoxidase (ANCA-MPO). The anti-myeloperoxidase antibody levels were 42.6 67.6 kU/l (N <0.3 ). Eight patients had C-reactive protein levels above the normal range (8.8 mg/L to 156.9 mg/L), elevated liver enzymes, and D-dimer. The appearance was consistent with SARS-CoV-2-associated vasculitis, erythema multiforme, and viral exanthem. Organ function improved after methylprednisolone and IVIG treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2-associated AAV is a rare presentation requiring specific diagnostic assessment and therapy to suppress the severe underlying inflammation associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Immunosuppressive therapy is complex and challenging to do correctly due to on-target and off-target side effects. However, it is vital to successful allotransplantation. In this article, we analyzed the critical classes of immunosuppressants used in renal transplantation, highlighting the mechanisms of action and typical clinical applications used to develop predictive models for the diagnosis of various diseases, including the prediction of survival after kidney transplantation. In patients, the authors used a dataset with two immunosuppressants (tacrolimus and cyclosporin). The primary task was investigating critical risk factors associated with early transplant rejection. For this, the censored Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method was used. Our study shows a pairwise correlation between taking and not using a particular immunosuppressant. Therefore, the correct choice of immunosuppressive drugs is necessary to improve the prognosis of transplant survival.
Вступ. Інформація з літератури підтверджує наявність взаємозв’язку між супутніми недугами та порушеннями психомоторного розвитку у дітей.
Мета. Виявити взаємозв’язок між проблемами зі соматичним здоров’ям у дітей дошкільного віку (3–7
років) та порушеннями у них психомоторного розвитку.
Матеріали й методи. У рандомізований спосіб із попередньою стратифікацією за наявністю порушень психомоторного розвитку проведено клінічно-лабораторне обстеження 70 дітей дошкільного віку (3–7 років) щодо наявних у них на час огляду та перенесених у анамнезі соматичних та інфекційних недуг і природжених вад. Статистична обробка включала розрахунки із використанням кутового перетворення Р. Е. Фішера та кореляційного аналізу.
Результати. Серед соматичних хвороб у всіх досліджуваних підгрупах домінують респіраторні недуги. Також значною є частка дітей із обтяженими сімейним і алергологічним анамнезами, атопічним дерматитом, ураженнями вух та горла. Повну залежність, а також середньої сили і слабку пряму достовірну кореляцію виявлено між наявними у значної частини обстежених дітей із порушеннями психомоторного розвитку соматичними та інфекційними недугами, обтяженим алергологічним анамнезом і обтяженим сімейним анамнезом у всіх підгрупах, а також деякими порушеннями фізичного розвитку.
Висновки. Визначено взаємозв’язок між респіраторними інфекціями й низкою соматичних та інфекційних
хвороб, порушеннями фізичного розвитку, обтяженими алергологічним і сімейним анамнезами, серед обстежених дітей у всіх підгрупах, які полягають у виявленні повної залежности й достовірного кореляційного зв’язку різної сили