Пандемія коронавірусу 2019 (COVID-19) спричинила розвиток ще однієї проблеми, а саме поява пацієнтів із залишковими симптомами, що залишаються після захворювання. Оскільки у пацієнтів після COVID-19 розвивається понад 30 різноманітних симптомів, а також новизна такої проблеми диктує необхідність чіткої категоризації наслідків захворювання та формування основ раціональної фармакотерапії не лише гострої фази коронавірусної хвороби, але й наслідків
На сьогоднішній день доведено, що дефіцит заліза (ДЗ) обумовлюють чинники ендогенного і екзогенного походження, серед яких особливого значення набувають аліментарні фактори, а саме недостатнє надходження в організм заліза із харчовими продуктами (ХП). Окрім того, раціонально підібрані ХП є важливим елементом аліментарної профілактики та корекції залізодефіцитних станів (ЗДС), а також можуть впливати на ефективність та безпеку застосування залізовмісних лікарських засобів.
Varicocele is a major entity defined within male infertility. In this report we have studied the influence of laparoscopic varicocelectomy on semen quality, biochemical parameters of seminal plasma and sperm DNA fragmentation. In this study, the semen samples from patients with left-side varicocele of grade II-III before and after laparoscopic varicocelectomy were compared to healthy individuals and separated into three groups. The volume of semen, sperm concentration (106/ml), motility (%), viability (%) and normal morphology (%) were assessed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with other biochemical substances in seminal plasma as alpha-glucosidase (α-Glu), fructose (Fr) and citric acid (CA) were determined by ELISA method. The spermatozoa activity including ion-transports through sodium, potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) and calcium, magnesium ATPase (Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase) were determined by using spectrophotometry. In addition, flow cytometry method for detection of sperm DNA fragmentation was used. The results showed, that three months after varicocelectomy such intervention led to significant postoperative improvement in volume of semen (p<0.001), total sperm count (p<0.001), sperm motility (p<0.001) and spermatozoa with normal morphology (p<0.001). We found decreased α-Glu levels due to varicocelectomy (p<0.05). There has been shown a high positive correlation between Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity with total number of spermatozoa (p<0.05). The TAC levels and DNA fragmentation values after varicocelectomy can be considered as significant indicators of good prognosis after surgical intervention. It has to be emphasized that α-Glu levels and total sperm count expressed statistically significant both positive and negative predictive values for semen assessment. Varicocelectomy may lead to significant improvement of semen quality although the observations must be correlated with clinical pregnancies observed thereafter.
Responding to the need for the verification of some experimental animal studies showing the involvement of oxidative stress in germ cell damage in the heat-induced testis, we investigated the possibility of a direct relationship between seminal oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde concentration) and ejaculated sperm chromatin/DNA integrity (DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation abnormalities) in distinct groups of men exposed and not exposed to prolonged scrotal hyperthermia. A statistical increase in the proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation was observed in all the studied subgroups compared to the fertile men. In turn, the groups subjected to heat stress as professional drivers or infertile men with varicocele presented greater disturbances in the oxidative stress scavenging system than men not exposed to genital heat stress. Based on the comparative analysis of the studied parameters, we can conclude that alterations in the seminal oxidative stress scavenging system are directly engaged in the pathogenesis of ejaculated sperm DNA damage regardless of the intensity of the impact of thermal insult. To the best of our knowledge, this study, for the first time, revealed the co-existence of oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage in the semen of professional drivers.