The article presents the results of treatment of 157 patients with generalized periodontitis depending on blood type. In the blood of patients with generalized periodontitis was determined: the number of erythrocytes, the number of leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, leukocyte intoxication index, fibrinogen. After treatment, analysis of blood cell composition showed that 1 year after treatment of generalized periodontitis, carriers of 0 (I) and A (II) blood type increased the number of erythrocytes in the blood – 1.2 times. At the same time, a decrease in the number of leukocytes on average was determined by 1.4 times, and leukocyte intoxication index values – by 2.0 times in representatives of 0 (I) and B (III) blood type; neutrophils – 1.4 times in people with A (II) blood type; platelets – 1.3 times in carriers with 0 (I) and AB (IV) blood type, according to data before treatment. The improvement of hematological and hemostasiological indicators of blood in patients with generalized periodontitis indicates a positive effect on the organs and systems the medicines we have prescribed, the positive effect of which is reflected, in particular, on the complex of tooth-retaining tissues.
Keywords: generalized periodontitis, erythrocytes, leukocytes, blood type
Introduction. In the last decade, a number of studies conducted on the species and quantitative composition of
the microflora of periodontal pockets of patients have shown the participation of complex, multicomponent
associations of microorganisms in the development of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues. Significant
variability of microorganisms under the influence of the external environment, including the industrial one, the
formation of new microbial associations, and increase in the number of resistant strains determine the need and constant relevance of identifying the microorganisms that are most commonly present in the periodontal pockets of certain groups of patients, taking into account the exogenous influences. Aim of the study: to investigate the species composition of periodontal pocket microflora and the frequency of isolation of certain types of microorganisms, for possible specificity of the microbial landscape under the influence of occupational pathogens in generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods. Saliva bacterioscopic examinations were performed on 62 alcohol production workers, of whom 28 were diagnosed with catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) and 34 with generalized periodontitis (GP) of I-III degrees. The control group consisted of 21 people without dental morbidity. Study of microorganisms was carried out using the Bergey classification scheme. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed on a personal computer using the licensed programs «Microsoft Excel» and «Statistica 8».Results and discussion. The results of microbiological studies on alcohol production workers with catarrhal gingivitis indicated the highest percentage of spirochetes, fusobacteria and veilonellae (68.2%) while, in individuals with intact periodontium, the above species were not infected. The share of α-hemolytic streptococci accounted for 54.5% (p<0.05). In generalized periodontitis in patients of the main group, α-hemolytic streptococcus, spirochetes, fusobacteria, wayloneles and fungi of the Candida grnus were inoculated in 100% of cases. In 27 patients (50.9%) cryptococci were identified, which were not studied in patients with catarrhal gingivitis and in those with intact periodontium. The frequency of inoculation of β-hemolytic streptococci exceeded that of the comparison group by 61.37 % (p<0.05) and, in patients with catarrhal gingivitis – by 44.81 % (p<0.05). In distillery workers with generalized periodontitis from the main group, a significant increase in Escherichia coli was observed in the subjects, compared to the data of both previous groups (p; p1 <0.05). Conclusions. In patients with periodontal tissue diseases working in alcohol production, an increase in gram-negative microflora and, accordingly, an increase in the degree of oral dysbiosis were determined, in the presence of a wide range of pathogenic microflora and yeast-like fungi, the frequency of which progresses with the deepening of inflammatory and destructive changes in the periodontium.
The aim: We study vascular-platelet hemostasis peculiarities in patients with severe trauma. Materials and methods: We included 50 patients, who were divided into control (n=15) and study (n=35) groups. The control group included patients without traumatic injuries, study group – patients with severe trauma. The study group was divided into the I subgroup (patients received 1 g tranexamic acid IV at the prehospital stage), and the II subgroup (1 g tranexamic acid IV after hospital admission). Results: The main changes in the I subgroup started on the 3rd day, while in the II subgroup – on the 1st day. Patients of both subgroups on the 1st and 3rd days had a normal number of platelets in venous blood, however, on the 3rd day, there was a decreasing level of discocytes whereas the level of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The changes in vascular-platelet hemostasis in patients appeared in the I subgroup on the 3rd day, while in the II subgroup – on the 1st day. For the I subgroup was the decreasing level of discocytes, whereas the level of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased. For the II subgroup on the 1st day, there was an increasing sum of active forms of platelets, on the 3rd day – the level of discocytes was decreased, and levels of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased.
KEY WORDS: coagulopathy, severe trauma, platelets activation, vascular-platelet hemostasis
Objective. Nanotechnology is spreading among all areas of life, from everyday devices to medicine. The concept of nanotechnology argues that not only can new physical and chemical properties of materials be discovered, but also the new potential of nanostructures when reduced to the nanoscale. The growing interest in the application of nanomaterials in dentistry contributes to the proliferation of the range of nanomaterials used by specialists. The purpose of this review of information sources was to analyze the prospects for the use of nanomaterials in dentistry. Methods. We used the bibliographic semantic method of research, for which we analyzed electronic databases of primary literature sources Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate, PubMed, MDPI, and MedLine. English-language scientific articles published after 2017 were taken into consideration. Results. According to the results of a search study among modern information primary sources, nanotechnology improves the preventive properties of oral care products, improves the structuralmechanical and aesthetic properties of composite mixtures for dentistry, overcomes the problems of the clinical application of dental implants.
Despite the prospects of nanotechnology applications in medicine in general and dentistry in particular, the existing economic and technological problems require a thorough solution for further implementation of nanostructures. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the analysis of modern trends in the application of nanotechnology in dentistry is carried out and the peculiarities of materials are highlighted, the problems and prospects of nanostructures implementation in modern dental implantology are given, physical, chemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of nanomaterials are evaluated. The effect of nanomaterials on the microbial adhesion of the tooth or implant surface is described.
Practical significance. The presented publication can become a scientific basis for the solution of urgent problems hindering the introduction of nanotechnology into dental practice. Conclusions. Thus, the use of nanostructures opens up great opportunities for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, not only of dental nature but also in medicine in general.
Keywords: nanotechnology, dentistry, composites, implants, endodontics.
УДК 616.314–089.23:616.31–022–07
Introduction. Reuse of implant healing abutments is common in dental practice, most of all because of economical reasons. The aim of the study. To analyze and compare the colonization of new and reused dental implant healing abutments by oral microbiota in patients during implantation. Materials and methods. 4 groups, 20 patients, 36 healing abutments were examined using clinical and microbiological methods. Results. Clinical and microbiological analysis showed that biofilm formation was statistically higher on IHAs, which were reused, than on new ones. Conclusions. The practice of reusing healing abutments between patients should be reconsidered.
Key words: dental implant, healing abutment, biofilm, bacteria, periimplantitis, mucositis, reuse.
Вступ. Процедура дентальної імплантації стала в останні роки дуже популярною та все частіше використовується в практиці лікаря-стоматолога. Проте асоційовані з нею патологічні стани, такі, як перимукозит і періімплантит, досі становлять велику проблему, з якою стикаються імплантологи. Повторне використання формувачів ясен є поширеним явищем у стоматологічній практиці, переважно через економічні причини, проте це може бути недостатньо безпечно Мета. З’ясувати й порівняти колонізацію представниками мікробіоти порожнини рота нових і повторно використовуваних формувачів ясен після проведення дентальної імплантації. Матеріали й методи. В дослідженні брали участь 4 групи по 5 випадково відібраних пацієнтів у кожній, усього 36 формувачів ясен 3 та 5 мм заввишки. Аналіз утворення нальоту на формувачах було проведено клінічно, використовуючи таблетки для забарвлення нальоту. Матеріалом для мікробіологічного дослідження слугували формувачі ясен та
сформована на них біоплівка. Мікроорганізми були ідентифіковані відповідно до класифікаційних даних, запропонованих у 9-му виданні
посібника Bergey. Статистичну обробку результатів проводили за допомогою програмного забезпечення статистичного аналізу даних для
біомедичних досліджень «Instat» (GraphPad Software Inc.). Результати. Клінічний та мікробіологічний аналізи показали, що утворення біоплівки було статистично вищим на формувачах ясен пацієнтів, які були використані повторно, ніж на нових. Висновки. Варто переглянути повторне використання формувачів ясен між пацієнтами під час імплантації в практиці лікаря-стоматолога.
Ключові слова: дентальний імплантат, формувач ясен, біофільм, бактерії, періімплантит, перімукозит, повторне використання.