Репозитарій

Nowadays, the most common ways to dispose of acid tars and paper production waste are
burial or incineration, but it is ecologically and economically expedient to use such waste in building
materials. A new variant of filler aggregate—wastepaper sludge ash (paper production waste) and a
chemical activator for filler aggregates—acid tar (oil-refining industry waste) is proposed. Elemental
and mineralogical compositions of wastepaper sludge ash for comparison with commodity limestone
mineral powder are established. Chemical activation of wastepaper sludge ash and limestone mineral
powder was carried out and the wetting properties of the obtained materials were investigated
by means of primary and neutralized acid tar. The physical and mechanical properties of stone
mastic asphalt samples with different filler aggregate variants were studied. The possible chemical
transformations in stone mastic asphalt using limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash
activated by acid tar are shown. The possibility of replacing traditional limestone mineral powder
with industrial wastepaper sludge ash has been proven, and the effectiveness of activating filler
aggregates by acid tar has been confirmed. It was established that acid tar as an activator for filler
aggregates does not require neutralization because stone mastic asphalt, in this case, demonstrates
better properties compared to acid tar neutralization. As a result of our research, the application
of wastepaper sludge ash is possible as a filler aggregate for stone mastic asphalt. And to obtain
improved stone mastic asphalt characteristics, wastepaper sludge ash is required to activate 5 wt.%
acid tar.

A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitumen/aggregate system was conducted: theory of weak boundary layers, mechanical theory, electrostatic theory, chemical bonding theory, and thermodynamic theory (adsorption theory). The adhesion assessment methods in the bitumen/aggregate system are described, which can be divided into three main groups: determination of adhesion forces for bitumen with different materials, determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials, and determination of adhesion as a fundamental value (contact angle measurements, interfacial fracture energy, adsorption capacity and others). It is proposed to evaluate the quality of adhesive interaction in the bitumen/aggregate system in two stages. The authors recommend using the adhesion determination methods for these two stages from the second group of methods the determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials. In the first stage, the adhesion in the bitumen/aggregate system is determined by an accelerated technique in which the used bitumen binder and mineral material are considered as test materials. After the first stage, there are positive results in the second tests on compacted mixtures (indirect tensile strength test, Modified Lottman indirect tension test, immersion-compression test, and Hamburg wheel tracking test).

Arboviruses are an ecological group of viruses that are maintained in nature among susceptible vertebrates through biological transmission by blood-sucking arthropods. More than 500 species of arboviruses are known in the world, and 150 of them can cause human diseases. At present, five

arboviruses belonging to four families of RNA-containing viruses (Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Togaviridae) have the greatest clinical significance in Europe. West Nile (WNV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and Toscana (TOSV) viruses can cause febrile diseases with injuring the central nervous system, Crimean-Congo hemorrhgic fever virus (CCHFV) – hemorrhagic fever, and Sindbis virus (SINV) – fever with arthralgia. WNV and SINV are

transmitted by mosquitoes, TBEV and CCHFV viruses – by ticks, and Toscana virus – by sandflies. The geographical distribution of arboviruses and the spring-autumn seasonality of diseases caused by them coincide with the range and period of activity of blood-sucking arthropod vectors. Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are exotic for Europe, but in recent years there has been an increase in cases of them being introduced during travel.

A pandemic of the novel disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, began in China, which was reported on December 30, 2019. The purpose of the study was to summarize data based on the analysis of official reports and messages, own research on the COVID-19 epidemic. The first case of COVID-19 in Ukraine was registered on March 1, 2020 in the Chernivtsi region. The epidemic of COVID-19 lasted until July 1 st , 2023, when the government of Ukraine announced its termination. According to official data, the incidence of COVID-19 in Ukraine was 128,681 per 1 million population, and the death rate was 2,603 per 1 million population. On average, the mortality rate during the epidemic was 2.1%. Quantitative manifestations of the epidemic process were characterized by five increases in morbidity, each of the next four being more intense than the previous one. Antigenic changes leading to the emergence of the Omicron genetic variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused an increase in the contagiousness of COVID-19, so the highest incidence rates were during the circulation of this variant in early 2022.

The active phase of the russian-Ukrainian war is going from February 24, 2022. Military operationsaffect the emergence and spread of viral infectious diseases.

The aim is to study the structure of viral infectious diseases during the russian-Ukrainian war on based of the Public Health Center data, others Department of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and professional Internet resources.

The data of sentinel and routine epidemiological surveillance in the 2022/2023 epidemic season indicated at 38.2% decrease of intensive incidence rates of acute respiratory viral infections in comparison with the previous epidemic season. In the group of influenza-like diseases, influenza

viruses of type A dominated. In the group of acute respiratory infections, influenza viruses of types A and B were identified in 49.4%, the remaining 50.6% - SARS-CoV-2, para-, adeno-, RS-viruses, rhino-, metapneumoviruses. Increasing of the incidence of intestinal viral infections had been

detected. In 2022, 3,533 cases of rotavirus enteritis were reported in Ukraine, of which 3,388 had been detected in children. During this period, 8 outbreaks of rotavirus enteritis were registered, as a result of which 49 people were injured, including 44 children.