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Репозитарій

ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького

УДК: 616.28-008.1-053.3/.4-073.7

Резюме. Скринінг слуху є важливою частиною стратегії ВООЗ покращення здоров’я населення і зменшення навантаження на охорону здоров’я, віднедавна затверджений законодавчо і в Україні.

Мета: проаналізувати дані, отримані за час функціонування програми скринінгу слуху новонароджених (ССН). В Україні загальнодержавна програма СС затверджена 09.06.2021 наказом Міністерства охорони здоров’я України (МОЗУ) № 1144 «Про затвердження Порядку проведення скринінгу слуху дітей», а в дію вступила 01.01.2022 року. До цього існували точкові локальні програми СС в м. Києві та регіонах, які обмежувалися фінансуванням і ентузіазмом учасників.

Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводилося у віковій групі дітей до 1 місяця, які перебували на лікуванні у стаціонарі і яким у пологовому відділенні після народження не проводився СС. Усім дітям спочатку проводилося дослідження отоакустичної емісії (ОАЕ). При виявленні негативних результатів на одне чи обидва вуха, таким дітям проводилося об'єктивне дослідження слуху методом AABR (automated auditory brain stem response, автоматизований тест реакції стовбура головного мозку), що дає змогу підтвердити і встановити рівень втрати слуху.

Результати. За період 01.09.2016-01.07.2020 обстежено 2084 дитини. Серед них 73 двійні, 1 – трійня. Результати ОАЕ оцінювалися як «пройдено» (1927 дітей, 92,47%), «не пройдено 1 вухо» (83 дитини, 3,55%), «не пройдено 2 вуха» (74 дитини, 3,98%), разом – 157 дітей (7,53%). Перелік діагнозів, серед яких зустрічалися діти з негативними результатами СС, були: синдром Едвардса, синдром Дауна, синдром П’єра-Робена, гідроцефалія, розщелина м’якого піднебіння, множинні вроджені вади розвитку (МВВР), фетальний алкогольний синдром (ФАС), недоношеність різного терміну гестації, затримка внутрішньоутробного розвитку (ЗВУР), багатоплідна вагітність (двійнята), пологова травма, гостра респіраторна інфекція (ГРІ), гострий середній отит однобічний. Частота дітей з верифікованим порушенням слуху (ПС) становила 17 на 1000 н/н, що на рівні показника країн з низьким рівнем доход і перевищує показники у здорових немовлят (1-3 на 1000). На жаль, немає даних за наявність прихованого варіанту ЦМВ у дітей з негативними результатами СС, на імовірність якого вказується у сучасній літературі.

Висновки. Частота дітей з ПС, які перебували на лікуванні у стаціонарі, становила 17 на 1000 н/н, що перевищує показники у здорових немовлят Найчастіше негативні результати ОАЕ демонструють недоношені діти, діти від багатоплідних вагітностей, з хромосомною патологією, вродженими вадами розвитку, ФАС, а псевдонегативні результати мали діти з ГРІ. Таким категоріям дітей обов’язково слід проводити ОАЕ, а в разі негативних результатів – ABBR. Дітям з верифікованим ПС слід рекомендувати тестування на ЦМВ з потенційним наступним лікуванням. Раннє виявлення ПС у дітей дозволяє скерувати для подальшого раннього втручання (слухопротезування, реабілітації) і нівелювати проблему зниження/втрати слуху, мовного й нервово-психічного розвитку, правильно соціалізувати дитину, уникаючи інвалідизації і зменшуючи в майбутньому фінансовий тягар держави і сім’ї на її утримання.

Ключові слова: скринінг слуху, новонароджені, діти, отоакустична емісія, автоматизований тест реакції стовбура головного мозку


Resume. Hearing screening is an important part of WHO's strategy to improve public health and reduce the burden on health care.

Aim: to analyze the data obtained during the functioning of the newborn hearing screening program. In Ukraine, the nationwide hearing screening program was approved on 06/09/2021 by order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1144 "On approval of the Procedure for Conducting Hearing Screening of Children", and came into force on 01/01/2022. Before that, there were point local hearing screening programs in Kyiv and the regions, which were limited by funding and the enthusiasm of the participants.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the age group of children up to 1 month who were treated in a hospital and who were not screened for hearing in the maternity ward after birth. All children initially underwent an otoacoustic emission (OAE) study. When negative results were detected in one or both ears, such children underwent an objective hearing test using the AABR (automated auditory brain stem response) method, which allows to confirm and establish the level of hearing loss.

Results. During the period 01.09.2016-01.07.2020, 2,084 children were examined. Among them, 73 are twins, 1 is a triplet. OAE results were scored as "passed" (1927 children, 92.47%), "failed 1 ear" (83 children, 3.55%), "failed 2 ears" (74 children, 3.98%), together – 157 children (7.53%). The list of diagnoses that included children with negative hearing screening results were: Edwards syndrome, Down syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, hydrocephalus, cleft soft palate, multiple congenital malformations, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), prematurity of different gestational periods, intrauterine growth retardation (UGR), multiple pregnancy (twins), birth trauma, acute respiratory infection (ARI), acute unilateral otitis media. The rate of children with verified hearing impairment was 17 per 1000 newborns, which is at the level of the indicator of low-income countries and exceeds the indicators of healthy infants (1-3 per 1000). Unfortunately, there are no data on the presence of a latent variant of CMV in children with negative HS results, the probability of which is indicated in modern literature.

Conclusions. The frequency of children with hearing impairment, who were treated in a hospital, was 17 per 1000 newborns, which exceeds the indicators of healthy babies. Most often, negative results of OAE are shown by premature children, children from multiple pregnancies, with chromosomal pathology, congenital malformations, FAS, and pseudo-negative results were obtained by children with ARI. Such categories of children should definitely undergo OAE, and in case of negative results - ABBR. CMV testing with potential subsequent treatment should be recommended for children with verified hearing loss. Early detection of hearing impairment in children makes it possible to refer for further early intervention (hearing aids, rehabilitation) and to eliminate the problem of hearing loss, impairment of language and neuropsychological development, to properly socialize the child, avoiding disability and reducing the financial burden on the state and the family in the future.

Key words: hearing screening, newborns, children, otoacoustic emission, automated auditory brain stem response

UDC: 615.277.3:547.76].012:542.9

In vitro study and characterization of anticancer activity of new heterocyclic derivative N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide. Methods. The cell culture; MTT assay. Results. We synthesized N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide, which possessed diuretic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated its cytotoxicity effect towards the tumor cell lines of various tissue origins: liver (HepG2), breast (MCF 7), lung (A549), cervical (KB3 1), and leukemia (HL 60) cells, as well as towards the non-tumor cells (НЕК293 and NIH3T3). The IC50 values of the synthesized compound for tumor cells were in the range of 9.4–97.6 μg/mL. We found that the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were the most sensitive to the action of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol 2yl)propionamide with the IC 50 value of 9.4 μg/mL. The studied derivative slightly inhibited the growth of the pseudo normal HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells. Conclusions. The anti prolife rative activity of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide dropped in the order: hepatocarcinoma > leukemia > breast carcinoma cells. Thus, we revealed in the molecule of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide a combination of the diuretic, cardioprotec tive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, which is of great significance for this agent
as a potent anticancer medicine

Fungi of the genus Lactarius Pers. before the maturation of spores are not damaged by microorganisms, insects, mollusks, and animals. Such resistance correlates with the period when the basidiomes of these fungi are filled with milky juice, which contains substances of various chemical nature that provide their protection. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Objective: The aim of our work is to present the results of our recent and previously published studies on the identification and toxicological characteristics of substances available in the milky juice of fungi of the genus Lactarius Pers and used for protection against predator and parasite organisms. The possibility of using these substances to suppress tumor cells is also discussed. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Methods: The biological effect of the juice of L. pergamenus, L. quietus, and L. volemus, as well as methylene chloride, extracts obtained from fresh, frozen and dried basidiomes of L. pergamenus was studied. Purification of individual fractions of hexane extract from the basidiomes was performed by chromatography on a silica gel column and their analysis by done by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Results: The sesquiterpene aldehydes were shown to be the main component of the chemical protection system of Lactarius. These agents are present in the milky juice of the Lactarius fungi, and they are easily oxidized by oxygen in the air. The milky juice of these mushrooms is also rich in higher fatty acids and phthalates. Phthalates possess an insecticidal effect, while higher fatty acids are capable of forming adducts with sesquiterpenes that provide emulsion stability. Water-soluble substances, in particular, the polyphenol oxidase enzyme, whose activity correlates with the content of milky juice in basidiomes, also play a protective role. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Conclusion: Milky juice of mushrooms of Lactarius Pers. genus is a stable balanced emulsion containing a large number of substances. One part is responsible for the toxic effects on other organisms, while the other part determines the chemical stability of the emulsion. Altogether, they create an effective system of protection of fungi of the Lactarius genus against microorganisms, insects, mollusks, and animals. 

Chitosan is a cationic polymer capable of binding acidic drugs. In addition, it has haemostatic and antimicrobial activity. Chitosan derivatives withanti-fibrinolytic properties may present increased effectiveness, especially when the added substance forms an adduct with chitosan. The aim of this work was to study the haemostatic action of the chitosan–tranexamic acid complex. Two chitosan solutions (molecularweight of 250 and 625 kDa at pH 5.7 and 6.2, and after tranexamic acid had been added to chitosan solutions) werestudied. Haemostatic evaluation was performed on white outbred mice. The time to complete cessation of bleeding from the tail was determined. Chitosan 625 kDa at pH 6.2 had the best haemostatic properties. Adding tranexamic acid to the chitosan solution reduced the bleeding time. This phenomenon was more pronounced for chitosan 625 kDa. Compared with control animals, this chitosan reduced bleeding arrest time by 30% and the chitosan–tranexamic acid adduct reduced the bleeding arrest time by 75%.

Three samples of bituminous material with different softening temperatures of 321, 332, and 356.4 K were obtained by the method of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The determination of the group hydrocarbon composition was carried out for the raw materials of the modification process (tar) and the resulting bitumens. An FTIR study of the obtained groups of hydrocarbons (oil, resins, and as-phaltenes) was also carried out. The structural transformations were investigated and a possible chemistry of the tar modification process with formaldehyde was proposed.

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