Репозитарій

ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького

Анотація

Актуальність. У структурі жіночої онкопатології рак яєчників займає восьме місце, а серед причин смертності – сьоме місце серед усіх онкозахворювань. В Україні смертність від раку яєчників складає 9,4 на 100 тис. жіночого населення. Щорічно в Україні помирає 24,6% пацієнтів з вперше виявленим раком яєчників. Глутатіон є антиоксидантом, який захищає клітину від токсичності активних форм кисню. Дані показали, що глутатіон може відігравати роль у злоякісних новоутвореннях, включаючи рак яєчників, і, таким чином, метою дослідження стала оцінка клінічного значення тканинного глутатіону і ефекти ерастину (інгібітора синтезу глутатіону) при раку яєчників.

Матеріали та методи. Імуногістохімічні дослідження експресії білків проводили на паралельних зрізах з використанням моноклональних антитіл: до рецепторів естрогену – клон 1D5, рецепторів прогестерону – клон PgR636. Систему EnVision, DakoCytomation, використовували для візуалізації білків.

Визначили рівень глутатіону у 41 зразку тканин пухлини раку яєчників. Криві виживаності будували за методом Каплана-Мейєра та оцінювали за допомогою логарифмічного рангового критерію. Багатофакторну пропорційну регресійну модель ризику Кокса виконали для виявлення незалежного фактора, що впливає на прогноз виживаності пацієнток з раком яєчників. Дослідили ефект ерастину in vitro з використанням різних за чутливістю ліній клітин раку яєчників. Оцінили життєздатність клітин, рівні глутатіону і (цитозольну та ліпідну) продукцію активних форм кисню.

Результати. Виявлено залежність експресії рецепторів стероїдних гормонів від ступеня злоякісності раку ячників, а саме, у хворих на рак ячників високого ступеня злоякісності відзначається достовірне зменшення експресії естрогенових рецепторів порівняно з пацієнтками, пухлини яких низького ступеня злоякісності. Пацієнтки з високим рівнем глутатіону в пухлині мали нижчу виживаність без прогресування і загальну виживаність порівняно з пацієнтками з низьким рівнем глутатіону. Рівні глутатіону пухлини були незалежними факторами для прогнозування виживаності без прогресування та загальної виживаності. Рівень активних форм кисню був обернено пропорційним рівням глутатіону у ракових клітинах яєчників. Вихідні рівні глутатіону були важливими для оцінки чутливості до ерастину. Зменшення рівня глутатіону підвищувало рівні активних форм кисню, що викликало загибель клітин пухлини.

Висновки. Визначено, що високі рівні глутатіону в пухлині значною мірою пов’язані з поганим прогнозом незалежно від інших факторів раку яєчників. Ерастин призводить до загибелі клітин раку яєчників in vitro залежно від рівня внутрішньоклітинного глутатіону. Глутатіон пухлини може бути прогностичним біомаркером виживаності, а ерастин варто вивчити як новий препарат в комплексній терапії раку яєчників.

Abstract

Background. In the structure of female oncology, ovarian cancer ranks eighth among other diseases. Among the causes of death, it ranks seventh among all cancer diseases. In Ukraine, the mortality rate is 9.4 per 100,000 female population. Annually, 24.6% of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer die in Ukraine.

Glutathione is an antioxidant that protects the cell from the toxicity of reactive oxygen species. Data have shown that glutathione may play a role in malignancies, including ovarian cancer, and thus we sought to determine the clinical significance of glutathione and the effects of erastin (a glutathione synthesis inhibitor) in ovarian cancer.

Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical studies of protein expression were performed on parallel sections using monoclonal antibodies: against estrogen receptors – clone 1D5, against progesterone receptors – clone PgR636. The EnVision system (DakoCytomation) was used for protein visualization. Ovarian cancer tissues were taken from 41 patients, and the level of glutathione in cancer tissues was determined. Survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated using the log-rank test. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to identify an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The effect of erastin in vitro was studied using ovarian cancer cell lines of different sensitivities. Cell viability, glutathione levels and (cytosolic and lipid) production of reactive oxygen species were assessed.

Results. The dependence of the expression of steroid hormone receptors on the degree of malignancy of ovarian cancer was revealed, namely, in patients with ovarian cancer of a high degree of malignancy, there is a significant decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors compared to patients whose tumors are of a low degree of malignancy. Patients with high tumor glutathione levels had lower progression-free survival and overall survival compared to patients with low glutathione levels. Tumor glutathione levels were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival and overall survival. Baseline glutathione levels were important to assess sensitivity to erastin. Glutathione levels were important to assess sensitivity to erastin. A decrease in the level of glutathione increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, which caused cell death.

Conclusions. High tumor glutathione levels were found to be significantly associated with poor prognosis independent of other factors in ovarian cancer. Erastin induces the death of ovarian cancer cells in vitro depending on the level of intracellular glutathione. Tumor glutathione can be a prognostic biomarker of survival, and erastin should be studied as a new drug in the complex therapy of ovarian cancer.

UDC  618.11-007.1 

Abstract. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by high androgen levels, irregular periods, and small cysts in the ovaries. PCOS affects approximately 10 % of reproductive age women of all races and ethnicities. PCOS has been recognized to affect women of reproductive age since antiquity and in the 21st century, it emerges as the most widespread and serious reproductive metabolic disorder in the world. PCOS is a multifactorial disorder that affects both the reproductive and metabolic health of women. In addition, PCOS is a leading symptom of infertility in women. Nevertheless, women with PCOS who become pregnant unfortunately have an increased risk of complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth. Many people believe GDM disappears after childbirth, despite the fact that GDM is a warning symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. According to growing evidence, GDM complicates 40 % of PCOS pregnancies, suggesting that PCOS is a risk factor for GDM. Hence, PCOS is a lifelong disorder that can eventually lead to various long-term health complications, including chronic menstrual irregularity, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. Thus, it’s a scientific fact that both PCOS and GDM are significantly associated with each other. However, most studies on the risk of GDM in PCOS patients are retrospective. Therefore, there is no strong evidence whether PCOS is a risk factor for GDM or any other related factor. PCOS, a polygenic endocrinopathy, is in a true sense a set of diseases that worsen the state of the body. Reproductive and metabolic disorders associated with PCOS cause several clinical symptoms, such as irregular and painful periods, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, acne, psoriasis, anxiety, mood swings, patterned baldness, cardiovascular problems, type 2 diabetes, infertility, pelvic pain, low libido, low self-esteem, etc. Further studies are needed to understand the genetic and epigenetic contributions of PCOS, PCOS-related comorbidities, the role of placenta in nutrient availability, and influence of medications that may affect the long-term offspring health.
Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome; pregnancy complications; gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS-related comorbidities; review

Aim. Study of antioxidant (antiradical) activity of 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivatives. Methods. In vitro study of antiradical/scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals inhibition assay; IC50 values determination. Results. The series of 29 modified derivatives of 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine were evaluated
for their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals in conditions close to physiological at 5 mM concentration, and the IC50 values were determined for the most promising compounds using the serial dilutions method. The structure - antiradical activity correlations were performed and possible mechanisms of action were discussed. Conclusions. Tested 6,7-dihydro-5Himidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivatives possess a moderate level of antiradical/scavenging activity.

Abstract. Background. The issue of the pathogenetic influence of cortisol on the development of metabolic syn- drome (MS) in children is considered. The above-threshold values of cortisol are proposed to be taken as a marker of MS. The purpose was to study the relationship between blood cortisol and MS components in children. Materials and methods. We have examined 44 children with MS (study group; waist circumference > 90th percentile of the distribution according to age and sex) and 14 children without signs of MS (controls). The children of the study groups did not differ in age and gender. Anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, body mass index, neck, waist, and hip circumferences, waist/hip circumference index), blood cortisol and leptin, blood lipid and carbohydrate spectrum (total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, and insulin, HOMA-IR and glucose/insulin indices) were evaluated. The measurement of blood pressure with the calculation of the average level was conducted three times. The diagnosis of MS was formed according to the IDF guidelines, 2007. Results. It was found that the level of blood cortisol in children with MS (362.9 (255.5–634.1) μg/l) was 37.9 % lower than in controls (р > 0.05). The frequency of the above-threshold blood cortisol values in children of both groups was 31.8 and 50.0 %, respectively (р > 0.05). The study of dependence using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between blood cortisol and anthropometric parameters (rmax = 0.16; p > 0.05), lipids (rmax = 0.4; р > 0.05), carbohydrate metabolism (rmax = 0.26; р > 0.05), and blood leptin (r = 0.19; р > 0.05) did not reveal any significance. A significant correlation was found between cortisol and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions. In chil- dren with MS, there was no significant difference in the level of blood cortisol compared to those without MS criteria. The association of blood cortisol and MS criteria other than systolic blood pressure has not been found. Although cortisol is important in the formation of systolic blood pressure, it cannot serve as a marker of MS in children since it is not a criterion-forming sign of MS.
Keywords: metabolic syndrome; cortisol; children

Abstract: Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) treatment as an non-pharmacological method of treatment for early osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 48 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated control (SHAM, n = 12) and ovariectomized (n = 36). Four weeks after ovariectomy, the animals were divided into three experimental groups (n = 12 each): ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized subjected to whole body vibration with acceleration level of 0.3 g (OVX + WBV), or ovariectomized subjected to i.m. injection of Zoledronic acid at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg (OVX + ZOL). After the 8th and 16th week of treatment n = 6 rats from each group were euthanized and isolated femora were subjected to histological examination of trabecular bone and analysis of the expression of collagen 1 (Col1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) involved in bone turnover. The obtained results indicated that widespread vibration therapy can provide negative outcomes such as deterioration of trabecular bone histomorphometry.

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