Strongly curved root canals are considerable barrier for qualitative endodntic treatment. One of the serious complications during the treatment is a break of endodontic instrument in the root canal. These situations demand from a dentist the use of complicated and expensive endodontic techniques and special devices for the removal of broken parts from the root canal are often unsuccessful.
The role of pathogenic microorganisms in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues is not in doubt among researchers. One of the most important tasks of clinical periodontology is the antibacterial effect on periodontal pathogens of periodontal pockets. However, there are certain difficulties in implementing this task, associated with the diversity of the microbial composition of periodontal pathogens, and, accordingly, their sensitivity to different antimicrobial drugs.
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases in the world. Compared to other zoonotic diseases, it often takes on severe forms. The clinical course of leptospirosis depends on many factors, particularly the overall health status and completeness of immunologic responsiveness. Antibody-mediated immunity is of critical importance. The role of cellular immunity remains underresearched. According to many authors of experimental studies, infection with Leptospira borgpetersenii in cattle results in CD4+ proliferation, while a reduction in the level of CD8+ is an adverse symptom of the onset of leptospirosis complications. There is also data suggesting that antileptospiral immunoglobulins together with the complement are deposited in alveoli of guinea pigs and cause hemorrhagic lesions in lungs. The goal of the study has been to compare the clinical course of the disease depending on the level of immunological indicators such as CD4+, CD8+, and the total complement (CH50) in leptospirosis patients. While these indicators are relative, when combined with other symptoms and laboratory data the resulting changes should serve as a red flag for clinicians.
Modern scientific medical literature contains numerous publications devoted to the study of mineral composition of the hard tissues of teeth. However, only individual works are devoted to the comprehensive study and comparison of the mineral composition of enamel, dentin, and cementum.