Despite an extensive body of research the issues of teachers’ continuous professional development are of particular importance for modern pedagogical theory and practice. The article outlines the features of public school teachers’ professional development in Australia. The study employed a range of theoretical and applied research methods, namely comparative and historical, induction and deduction, logical, analytical, descriptive and statistical as well as questionnaires and interviews. The article specifies the functions of teacher professional development, its elements and components. It analyses the legislative basis and the genesis of Australian teachers’ professional development standards. The article identifies the specificities of teacher professional development implementation in Australia. The results show that teacher professional development is a continuous process of deepening knowledge, improving skills and competencies, forming values and attitudes. The methods helped in revealing the interconnection between continuous professional development and educational reforms, the forms, models and methods of CPD of Australian and Ukrainian teachers. The results of the survey showed the potential for the system of Ukrainian continuous teacher education development and the possibilities of Australian experience adaptation taking into account our rich educational traditions.
The leading aim of medical education is to develop an individual’s ability of creative and critical reasoning, to comprehend new experience based on the methods of educational and research activity. Requirements in medical education, curriculum structure, criteria, teaching methodology, and nature of programs vary worldwide. However, curricula are usually divided into compulsory and elective pre-clinical and clinical subjects. Electives can contribute to professional and personal development of medical students in specific areas of interest outside of the standard curriculum. Elective courses can be referred to two main types: subject-oriented, which enable students to develop their own cognitive interests in the chosen area, get profound knowledge in the sphere of interest as well as to form skills for important practical tasks; interdisciplinary, the aim of which is to take knowledge and methods of one discipline and apply them in another one to provide more profound learning experience and broader perspectives. On the other hand, electives are thought to be less regulated and monitored than compulsory disciplines, thus having less benefit for students.
The article presents perspectives of reforming higher medical education in Ukraine based on European and American standards. The main goals to be accomplished until 2025 include: to improve the quality of medical education; to renew the content of education based on achievement of modern medical education and evidence-based medicine. Therefore, new standards of education, taking into consideration recommendations of World Federation of Medical Education, should be elaborated, discussed and officially approved. The aim of reforms in higher education is creation of unified criteria, methodologies and control systems as well as mutual recognition of diplomas on higher education, promotion of students’ and lecturers’ academic mobility. In 2017, a number of reforming laws were adopted in Ukraine aimed at transforming the system of health care in Ukraine. These innovations confirm the importance of increasing entrance requirements for applicants to higher medical educational establishments.
Studying the history of the formation and development of the medical education system revealed the peculiarity of its indi-vidual stages, the specifics of the economic level of American society, political situation, social needs and culture of formation in a certain period. At each stage, the task of meeting the educational needs of American society was addressed. The article ana-lyzes the state of research of the investigated problem in domestic and foreign scientific sources. It is generalized that the main attention of scientists is focused on the general issues of formation of the medical education system: its beginning, moderni-zation and reform at different stages of development. The historical and pedagogical aspect of studying the system of doctors’ professional training is one of the most important in the research, as it provides an understanding of the achievements or draw-backs of the past. Modern higher medical education in the United States is a unique phenomenon, largely due to its historical development, full of social and economic challenges, and the ability of American government to respond quickly and effectively to the needs of the time. An important milestone in the development of American medical education was the creation of coor-dinating and monitoring organizations. The National Board of Education was established to coordinate the education system, and the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges were established in medical educa-tion. This was the beginning of the introduction of educational standards provided in medical schools. Significant changes in the field of higher medical education in the United States started with the publication of a report by A. Flexner, who proposed to reduce the number of medical schools, complicate requirements for admission to medical schools, involve staff and students in research, strengthen state control in licensing medical schools. These Reformation processes became the point of gradual devel-opment of modern American medical education. In the twentieth century, the accumulation of knowledge and the development of medical science contributed to the differentiation of the medical profession in certain subsections
Реформа системи охорони здоров’я передбачає необхідність удосконалення механізмів забезпечення якості освіти медичної галузі. Упровадження у практику медичних закладів ефективних інновацій, заснованих на використанні новітніх інформаційних технологій у процесі навчання, а також у професійній діяльності майбутніх медиків сприятиме продуктивному формуванню ІКТ-компетенції. Дистанційне навчання у Львівському національному медичному університеті імені Данила Галицького базується на використанні програми Zoom та програми Misa – корпоративної мережі інформаційного ресурсу вищого навчального закладу, до якого студенти мають розширений доступ для виконання самостійної роботи чи написання тестів. Поєднання цих програм у процесі дистанційного навчання сприяє розширенню дидактичних можливостей в організації навчальної роботи студентів-медиків. Належний рівень комп’ютеризації, високий рівень кадрового потенціалу і методичне забезпечення навчального процесу є вирішальним показником оцінювання дієздатності сучасного навчального закладу в умовах пандемії. Формування ІКТ-компетенції у студентів-медиків передбачає: інформаційну та цифрову грамотність; основи комунікації за допомогою комп’ютерних технологій; створення і заповнення документації; виписування рецептів; вирішення завдань щодо відбору, синтезу й аналізу інформації. Вар-то зазначити, що для ефективності надання освітніх послуг необхідно надавати і технічну підтримку для створення моделі моніторингу цих послуг та усунення проблем чи недоліків. Використання сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у навчальному процесі медичних вишів створює можливості реалізації дидактичних принципів індивідуалізації та інтенсифікації процесу навчання, зокрема самостійної роботи студентів, їхньої креативної активності, підвищення рівня свідомості й інтелекту; реалізує умови переходу від навчання до самоосвіти упродовж життя.