Репозитарій

УДК 616. 314 : 616. 891] – 053. 2 (048. 8)

The data of psychological-medical-pedagogical consultations based, in addition to medical, on indicators of psychological-pedagogical examination, testify that the share of children who need correction of physical and (or) mental development is 12.2% of the total number of children in Ukraine. Psychoneurological disorders in children are accompanied by various functional disorders that adversely affect physical and psychosocial health. The state of the child's mental health has a significant impact on his compliance with recommendations for ensuring the optimal state of oral health (brushing teeth, rinsing, avoiding excessive sweets, carbonated drinks and other food products that can harm the child's dental health due to destruction of  enamel, disruption of remineralization processes, creation of a nutrient environment for active reproduction of bacteria).
In children with cerebral palsy, a high prevalence (100%) and intensity (6,4) of dental caries of the temporary bite were established. The number of complicated forms of caries in children with cerebral palsy increases with the severity of the form of the main disease (by 2.25 times), which makes it necessary to treat such children under general anaesthesia. It has been established that the intensity of dental caries and the spread of the inflammatory process in the periodontium increase with age. At the same time, the worst indicators of the hygienic state of the oral cavity are recorded in children with cerebral palsy aged 3-5 years. Bite anomalies in children with cerebral palsy: 52.9% in the period of temporary occlusion and 61.7% in the period of variable occlusion. It was established that in children with pronounced motor disorders, which are correlated with a profound degree of mental retardation, the frequency of dental caries and maxillofacial anomalies is significantly higher than in healthy children and patients with less pronounced manifestations of cerebral palsy.
Key words: dental status, psychoneurological disorders, caries, periodontal disease, maxillofacial anomalies and deformities

The paper analyses a network with given input and output flows in each of its nodes. The basis of this analysis is the algorithm for determining the set of solutions of the linear equations system, using the Gaussian method. The power of the set determines the structural entropy of the system. By introducing uncertainty into the value of part of the information flows, the deviation of the network from its equilibrium state is simulated. The set of potential solutions, as a part of the total set of the system solutions, determines the statistical entropy of the system. The probability entropy is calculated for a network with four nodes and a total flow of 10 erlangs with a sampling step of 1 erlang. Calculated entropy values for 1, 2, 3, and 4 uncertain flows out of a total of 16 flows that are transmitted between nodes of the fully connected network. As a result of the conducted statistical analysis of entropy values, the optimal number of statistical intervals for entropy values is determined: 4, 11, 24, and 43 intervals for 1, 2, 3, and 4 uncertain flows, respectively. This makes it possible to highlight the set of flows in the system that have the greatest influence on the entropy value in the system. The obtained results are of practical importance, as they enable the detection of deviations of the network from its equilibrium state by monitoring the passage of traffic on individual branches of a complex telecommunication network. Since, as shown in our previous works, the task of determining the complete set of solutions of the system for the number of nodes greater than 4 has a significant computational complexity, the application of the algorithm to such networks requires an increase in the discretization step of the values of information flows in the network. Another way to reduce computational complexity can be to reduce the set of analysed solutions to a subset of solutions close to the equilibrium state of the system. © 2022 Lviv Polytechnic National University.

The paper proposes a model of an electromagnetic radiation sensor that uses the precession of the magnetization vector in a ferromagnet (ferromagnetic resonance) as a result of absorbing the energy of an incident electromagnetic wave, the generation of a spin current as a result of this precession, the generation of a spin-polarized current as a result of the passage of a spin current in a non-magnetic metal, and a change in the direction of magnetization of a ferromagnetic layer with a low coercive force (free layer) due to the passage of a spin-polarized current. Then the radiation will be detected by its effect on the electrical resistance of the entire structure, which depends on the mutual directions (parallel or antiparallel) of magnetization of the free and fixed (with a large coercive force) ferromagnetic layers (phenomenon of giant magnetic resistance). The dependence of the spin-polarized current in the device on the frequency and amplitude of the incident electromagnetic wave with linear polarization was calculated. A method of calculating the range of amplitude and frequency values of radiation that can be detected by the sensor has been developed. The parameters of this model are the detection time and the number of spin gates in one sensor. Calculations are given for a ferromagnetic layer made of permalloy and for spin valves with four different critical current values that determine the process of remagnetization of the free layer: 20, 50, 100, and 200 microamps.

УДК 616.311.2-002+616.314.17-008.64):616.89-008.48]-053.2

Відомо, що серед багатьох чинників виникнення стоматологічних захворювань у дітей важливе значення має порушення психічного розвитку та розлади нервової системи, у тому числі аутизм. Вивчення стоматологічної захворюваності у дітей з аутизмом є актуальним з огляду на потребу в розпрацюванні та впровадженні ефективних методів лікування та профілактики основних стоматологічних захворювань у цих дітей.
Метою дослідження було вивчити поширеність та особливості перебігу захворювань тканин пародонта у дітей з аутизмом.
Матеріал і методи дослідження. Обстежено 38 дітей з аутизмом та 49 практично здорових дітей 13-18 років. Оцінку стану тканин пародонта проводили на основі клінічних даних. Для об’єктивної оцінки пародонтологічного статусу визначали папілярно-маргінально-альвеолярний індекс (РМА)(С.Parma, 1960). Поширеність захворювань пародонта визначали з використанням критеріїв ВООЗ.
Результати дослідження. При аналізі отриманих результатів патологію тканин пародонта у дітей основної групи діагностовано у 68,42±6,67%, що в 1,4 раза більше, ніж серед дітей групи контролю (48,86±5,89%, р<0,05). В основному, діагностували хронічний катаральний гінгівіт (ХКГ), поширеність якого становила 60,72±4,67%. Окрім того, у 14,99±2,46% дітей основної групи виявлено генералізований пародонтит легкого ступеня важкості. Встановлено, що, в середньому, у дітей з аутизмом індекс РМА становить 39,01±3,76%, що відповідає середньому ступеню тяжкості гінгівіту. Отже, серед дітей основної групи легкий ступінь тяжкості ХКГ діагностовано, в середньому, у 41,96±3,56%, середній ступінь – у 44,92±7,64% дітей з аутизмом, важкий – у 5,34±2,33%.
Висновки. Отже, у дітей з аутизмом спостерігається висока поширеність захворювань пародонта, зокрема, хронічного катарального гінгівіту та генералізованого пародонтиту. Це вимагає створення спеціальних освітніх програм для дітей з аутизмом з метою розпрацювання алгоритмів надання індивідуалізованої стоматологічної допомоги цим дітям.
Ключові слова: гінгівіт, пародонтит, аутизм, діти.

The article is devoted to modelling the growth of thin films on the surfaces of crystals having a similar crystal structure with a small parameter of mismatch of the lattice of substances from which the film and the crystal substrate are formed. A review of modelling methods based on both analytical expressions and computational methods is made. A number of methods for modelling the most typical processes: surface formation in the form of pyramidal formations (so-called needle crystals), two-dimensional with initial islands of growth and three-dimensional uneven growth processes. To model the process of growth of needle crystals, it is proposed to use a method based on Gaussian statistics of surface height increments. The model of three-dimensional growth of the crystal surface, which uses the iterative algorithm of Foss, and which makes it possible to investigate the processes of stepped, uneven growth of crystals, is also considered. In contrast to stepwise growth, a model of submonolayer growth of a film based on the Monte Carlo method is considered. For submonolayer growth of the film, pseudo-random sequences are used, which simulate the initial arrangement of the nuclei of the nucleus of the next layer on the crystal surface. The computational characteristics of this method are determined, namely the dependence of the number of iterations on the initial surface filling coefficient.