Репозитарій

ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького

УДК 614.2:330.131(477)

У статті науково обгрунтовано сутність, семасіологію, мету та зміст процесу реформування діючої системи охорони здоров’я в умовах незалежної України  як «країни із ринковою економікою». Наведено результати ретроспективного аналізу ведення господарства, що в цілому зумовили появу економічної системи з законами її функціонквання як базис у створенні класичних систем розвитку економіки та охорони здоров’я у провідних країнах світу в залежності від їх політичного та економічно-соціального курсу. 
Охарактеризовано сучасні моделі класичних систем економіки та класичні типи систем охорони здоров'я, а також представлено їх систематизацію за відповідністю з їх функціонуванням. Аргументовано потребу та сформульовані науково-методичні мотиви у виборі і запровадженні, законодавчим шляхом, системи охорони здоров’я економічного змісту з метою ефективного реформування медичної галузі та якісного надання медичних послуг, що відповідало б змісту політичного курсу та розвитку народно–господарського комплексу незалежної держави Україна.   
Ключові слова: незалежна Україна, система охорони здоров’я, реформування, економічна система, система охорони здоров’я М. Семашко, медичне страхування здоров’я О. Бісмарка, ринкова система медичної допомоги.


The article substantiates the essence, semasiology, purpose and content of the process of reforming the existing state / Semashko health care system in an independent Ukraine, that has been recognized by the leading countries of the world as a "market economy country".
The results of a retrospective analysis of the economy are obtained, which generally led to the emergence of an economic system with its laws (production, exchange, welfare and consumption of goods and services) in functioning, clearly demonstrate the creation of such classic systems of economic development as: administrative-command / centralized / planned / state, market / decentralized / European.
These two economic systems allowed the leading countries of the world, depending on their political, economic and social course and national peculiarities of national economy, allowed to create organizationally in their functioning three classic types of health care systems, namely: Bismarck`s health insurance; state / budget / health care system (health care system by M. O. Semashko); non-state / private / paid / market protection system.
The modern models of classical systems of economy and classical types of health care systems are characterized, and their systematization according to their compatibility in functioning are presented.
Argumenting its own need, and taking into account WHO recommendations on proportions in the financing of the care system under the guaranteed volume of medical services, proposed scientific and methodological motives for selecting and introducing, through legislation, health care system of economic content for the purpose of effective reform of the medical industry and quality provision of medical services, which would correspond to the content of the political course and development of the national-economic complex of the independent Ukraine.
Theoretical grounds for the introduction of the system of health care of economic content in Ukrainian society in the market conditions of Ukraine are scientifically substantiated.
Key words: independent Ukraine, health care system, reform, economic system, health care system by M. Semashko, O. Bismarck`s health insurance, market health care system.
    

УДК 613.63:615.285:614.7 

Анотація. Інсектицид індоксакарб належить до класу оксадіазинів, представники якого широко використовуються у сільськогосподарській промисловості для боротьби зі шкідниками, зокрема лускокрилими комахами. Механізм дії індоксакарбу полягає в інгібуванні натрієвих каналів у нервовій системі комах, що, як наслідок, порушує нервові імпульси та викликає параліч і зрештою призводить до загибелі комах. Його селективність щодо натрієвих каналів комах і мінімальна активність щодо каналів ссавців сприяють його репутації безпечного та ефективного пестициду. Індоксакарб було ретельно оцінено, щоб мінімізувати його вплив на нецільові організми, такі як ссавці, птахи та риби.

Метою роботи є встановлення токсикологічних параметрів та характеру біологічної дії інсектициду індоксакарбу на організм лабораторних тварин із подальшим обґрунтуванням медико-санітарного нормативу – гранично допустимої концентрації у повітрі виробничих приміщень.Токсикологічні параметри і характер біологічної дії на організм лабораторних тварин індоксакарбу надані за узагальненими даними Європейського агентства з хімічних речовин та результатами хронічного токсикологічного експерименту з інтратрахеальним уведенням препарату. Установлено, що індоксакарб за параметрами гострої токсичності за одноразового перорального введення та одноразового нанесення на шкіру відноситься до речовин помірно небезпечних (3-й клас небезпечності), за однократного інгаляційного впливу відноситься до високо небезпечних речовин (2-й клас небезпечності), проявляє помірну подразнювальну дію на слизові оболонки очей, не викликає резорбтивно-токсичного і подразнювального ефектів у разі попадання на шкіру, володіє сенсибілізуючими властивостями. Індоксакарб спричиняє нейротоксичний ефект, не володіє мутагенною і канцерогенною дією.

Висновки. Установлено параметри токсичності, характер біологічної дії на організм лабораторних тварин та обґрунтовано гранично допустиму концентрацію інсектициду індоксакарбу в повітрі робочої зони.


Indoxacarb insecticide belongs to the class of oxadiazines, which are widely used in the agricultural industry for crop pest control, particularly lepidopteran insects. The mechanism of action of indoxacarb consists in the inhibition of sodium channels in the nervous system of insects, which, as a result, disrupts nerve impulses and causes paralysis and ultimately leads to the death of insects [4]. Its selectivity for insect sodium channels and minimal activity for mammalian channels contribute to its rep-utation as a safe and effective pesticide. Indoxacarb has been thoroughly evaluated to minimize its effects on non-target organisms such as mammals, birds and fish. An experimental setting toxicity parameters of indoxacarb with determination of the nature of the bio-logical action on the body of laboratory animals and justification for maximum permissible concentration in the air of the working area were the purpose of the study. Toxicological parameters and the nature of the biological action of indoxacarb on the body of labora-tory animals are provided according to the summarized data of the European Chemicals Agency and the results of a chronic toxicological experiment with intratracheal administration of the drug. It was found that indoxacarb, according to the parameters of acute toxicity, with a single oral adminis-tration and a single application to the skin, belongs to moderately dangerous substances (hazard class 3), with a single inhalation exposure, it belongs to highly dangerous substances (hazard class 2), exhibits a moderate irritating effect on mucous membranes eyes, does not cause resorptive-toxic, irritating effects when it comes into contact with the skin, has sensitizing properties. Indoxacarb causes a neurotoxic effect, does not have a mutagenic or carcinogenic effect.Conclusions. The parameters of toxicity, the nature of the biological effect on the body of laboratory animals were established, and the maximum permissible concentration of the insecticide indoxacarb in the air of the working area was justified.

Aim. Study of the synthesis, analysis of ADME - Tox parameters and anti-cancer activity of a series of N-(5-R-benzylthiazole-2-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-thioxoacetamides.
Methods. Organic synthesis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, analytical method, in silico ADME-Tox analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity assay.
Results. The series of new N-(5-R-benzylthiazole-2-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-thioxoacetamides was synthesized according to a convenient synthetic method. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and microanalyses. Using the internet resources of SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics, the ADME - Tox profiles of the synthesized compounds were calculated. It was determined that the substances were within the optimal limits of  bioavailability. All compounds meet the criteria of drug similarity according to the rules of Lipinski, Weber, Egan and Mugge. It is also determined that low toxicity is predicted for these substances. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antitumor activity according to the Developmental Therapeutic Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (www.dtp.nci.nih.gov) against 60 cancer lines in the concentration of 10 μM. Human tumor
cell lines from nine different cancer types were used: leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, kidney, prostate an d breast cancer. Screening results showed that, in most cases, these compounds are of low activity. An exception is the renal cancer line UO-31, which was moderately sensitive to all synthesized compounds.
Conclusions. A series of 2-aminothiazole hybrids containing morpholine moiety was synthesized and studied in silico ADME-Tox profiles. The ADME-Tox profiles indicated good oral bioavailability and low toxicity. Synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-cancer activity. They showed moderate antiproliferative activity.

UDC 616.12-009.7:616.127-005.8-036.11]303.4

The aim of the study. The scientific rationale for the role of the conscious behavioral actions of human in occurrence of cardiological pain depending on its educational level as the basis for timely and quality care for acute myocardial infarction (I21)

Materials and methods. The scientific work was performed on a selective statistical aggregate among n=374 patients (t>2, with p<0,05), according to the program “Medical and social significance of pain and main risk factors in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction” processed by us, where respondents with cardiac pain (81.28 % respondents or n=304) were divided by the level of education into two groups: the first study group (n=108) – patients with higher education, the second research group (n=196) – patients with a secondary level of education. Both groups were comparable and representative to the general statistical aggregate (n=3075) with the probability of an accurate prediction t=95%. Thus, historical, statistical, mathematical, abstract, graphic methods of research, and also methods of the questionnaire, copying of necessary data from the Medical card of the inpatient (a. f. No. 003/о), deductive awareness, structural and logical analysis taking into account the system principles were used. The obtained personal data were summarized and processed in an automated way on a personal computer using the programs „Microsoft Office Excel 2019” and „SPSS”.
Results and discussion. The research established the insufficient awareness in patients with AMI (I21) that had the higher and secondary education in the 
occurrence of cardiological pain of such behavioral actions of human as temporal dimension of pain (in years); the independent use of medicines; appealing for medical aid; methods and timely delivery to the profile inpatient department of hospital and understanding of the content of availability of "therapeutic window" that convincingly confirms the low level of sanitary and educational work as preventive technology on these issues among the population at the primary level of medical support in the current health care system of Ukraine that leads to the late diagnostic and untimely treatment and costly enough financial resource in the cardiological inpatient department in the treatment of this pathology (I21).
Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the need of significant correction of the sanitary and educational work among the population by doctors of the primary level (DGP / FM, the district doctors-therapists) and the secondary level (doctorscardiologists of APE) of medical support that will help to form the adequate conscious behavioral actions of human in occurrence of cardiological pain will positively impact on the timeliness and quality of specialized / highly specialized cardiological medical aid and improve the negative dynamics in the state of morbidity and mortality among the population of Ukraine due to acute myocardial infarction (I.21).
Keywords. Cardiological pain, patient, level of education, awareness of behavioral actions, acute myocardial infarction, doctors, primary level of medical 
support, sanitary and educational work, timeliness, quality of medical aid.

A crucial direction in the progress of modern medical chemistry is the development and improvement of theoretical investigation methods of drugs mechanisms of action, predicting their activity, and virtual design of new drugs. This review describes the history of targeted search for biologically active compounds, current in silico approaches and tools used in the rational design of potential drugs, in particular the main computational strategies used in modern drug design are presented and outlines the main methodologies for implementing these strategies. 

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