ANALYSIS OF THE MANIFESTATION FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BREAST STRUCTURE BASED ON HISTOLOGICAL STUDY DATA

Relevance. Breast pathology currently ranks among the leading causes of morbidity in women. Each year, the incidence of oncologic processes steadily increases both in Ukraine and worldwide, due to the influence of endogenous (hereditary predisposition, hormonal changes, metabolic disorders) and exogenous (unhealthy lifestyle, bad habits, medication use, etc.) factors. A key role in the prevention and treatment of both benign and malignant changes is played by regular preventive and screening examinations, as well as timely diagnosis at early stages.
The most universal, accessible, and informative diagnostic method is X-ray mammography, during which it is important to consider the type of breast structure. For a definitive diagnosis, a histological study is conducted, in which the breast structural type must also be taken into account.
Aim. To determine the frequency and characteristics of different breast structural types in a randomized sample of women according to histological study data.
Materials and Methods. The study analyzed 50 anonymized histological slides of breast tissue obtained from women aged 25–40 years, taken from the archive of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. The sample was randomized.
Results and Discussion. The histological analysis of breast tissue revealed the presence of glandular, connective, and adipose components. The glandular tissue was mainly represented by well-formed ductal-lobular elements. The most frequently visualized connective tissue components included multiple fibroblasts, collagen, and smooth muscle fibers. Adipose tissue was represented by clusters of adipocytes of varying numbers.
The obtained data showed that within the analyzed sample, three structural types could be distinguished, each with a different manifestation frequency. The glandular type was the most prevalent — in 24 cases (48%), fibrous replacement was observed in 15 cases (30%), while fatty involution occurred in 11 cases (22%). In 40% of specimens with predominant fibrous tissue, inflammatory signs — mostly chronic — were observed, and in 20% of them, papillary apocrine ductal metaplasia was identified.
Conclusions. In the randomized group of women aged 25–40 years, the glandular structural type of the breast predominated (48%), followed by fibrous (30%) and fatty (22%) types. In histological specimens showing fibrous replacement, inflammatory changes were most often detected (in 40% of cases), as well as papillary apocrine metaplasia (in 20% of cases). The ratio of glandular, connective, and adipose components defines the breast structure type and helps to determine the optimal imaging method for women of reproductive age.