618.11-006.2-031-06:612.015.3]-055.2-085.874.2

The purpose of the study is to substantiate, based on a review of literary sources, the effectiveness of various types of diet therapy as an initial method of treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, their effect on the normalization of the menstrual cycle, correction of metabolic disorders and reduction of the level of insulin resistance. From 2018 to 2024 40 articles were analyzed with key words: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance, diet therapy, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) according to which a review of the available literature was conducted in PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Medscape. The study did not include pregnant, lactating women who took hormonal therapy and/or insulin sensitizers during the last 2 months, had liver, kidney, and heart diseases that failed local treatment of hirsutism, with congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal glands, androgen-secreting tumors, Cushing's syndrome. A review and analysis of studies on the effects of a ketogenic diet for 12 weeks, in which 14 overweight women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, participated. 40 articles were studied using bibliographic and analytical methods. At the beginning of the study patients had HOMA-IR above 2.5, which confirms insulin resistance. After using ketogenic diet, a significant decrease in the level of glucose, insulin, and, therefore, the HOMA index was observed. There were significant changes in lipid profiles with a decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins along with increases in high-density lipoprotein. Anthropometric measurements revealed a weight loss of 8.78 kg and a significant decrease in the body mass index of 3.18. A study of 72 women with PCOS showed a superior efficacy of a Mediterranean diet (MED) combined with a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet versus a low-fat diet alone. In patients who used the combination of MED/LC diet, in 86.7% of cases, the regular menstrual cycle was restored, and pregnancy occurred.

The aim: The purpose of this literature review is to shed light on the development of biochemical knowledge in the Lviv region and on prominent figures in the development of biochemistry during the Second World War.
Materials and methods: Review of literature published before 2020. We searched the literature using the search terms ‘biochemists’, ‘ Lviv National Medical University’, ‘second World War’.
Conclusions: The development of biological research in Lviv can be divided into two historical stages: 1) from the beginning of the founding of Lviv University in 1661 to the First World War; 2) between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War. Biochemical research was initiated at the Medical Faculty of Lviv University. In 1939, the Lviv State Medical Institute was established on the basis of the Medical Faculty of the University, where a powerful department of biochemistry functioned, which was headed by a worldclass biochemist – Jakub Parnas. 

Рatients with diabetes have more complications and higher mortality from COVID-19. This is due to the fact that diabetes impairs the immune response. Hyperglycemia causes a violation of the immune response, which in turn cannot control the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and therefore patients
with diabetes are more susceptible to infections. The purpose of the work ₋₋ analysis of bibliometric databases of literature on new developments in diabetes and COVID-19 and focused on clinical recommendations for patients with diabetes infected with COVID-19. The search methods included a literature review of scientific articles that studied diabetes and COVID-19. According to the results of the analysis of the articles obtained as a result of the search in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedScape databases, a combination of the terms “diabetes and SARS-CoV-2”, “diabetes and COVID-19”, “pathogenesis of diabetes in case of COVID-19”, "pancreas", "clinical features", "diagnosis", "treatment", "clinical recommendations", we found 32 messages from 2020 to 2022. The main parameters  of the study were outpatients and inpatients with diabetes and COVID-19 of middle and elderly age starting from 46 years and up to 82 years of age in France, China, the USA, Great Britain, in which a nationwide, retrospective, populationbased study was conducted. The following concomitant diseases are included in the main studies: arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases. Issues of pathogenetic mechanisms in DM and COVID-19, as well as management of patients with DM and COVID-19 are highlighted.
Key words. Diabetes mellitus, СOVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, cytokines.

УДК 618.ІІ-006.2-085

Резюме. Актуальність. Генітальний ендометріоз є однією з найактуальніших проблем сучасної гінекології. Розглядаючи оксидативний стрес як патогенетичну ланку ендометріозу, ми вважаємо обґрунтованим застосування в лікуванні комбінованого препарату, який містить супероксиддисмутазу, ресвератрол і цинк.

Мета роботи: оцінити ефективність лікування генітального ендометріозу, доповненого застосуванням супероксиддисмутази, ресвератролу і цинку з урахуванням провідних патофізіологічних ланок патології.

Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебували 37 жінок репродуктивного віку з генітальним ендометріозом. Лікування жінок першої групи проводилося відповідно до настанови Guideline Development Group, GDG. 39 жінок другої групи додатково отримували препарат із вмістом супероксиддисмутази, ресвератролу і цинку. До групи контролю увійшли 30 здорових жінок. Проводили визначення показників стану процесів перекисного окиснення ліпідів за вмістом у сироватці крові пацієнток дієнових кон’югатів і малонового діальдегіду та антиоксидантної системи захисту за вмістом супероксиддисмутази і глутатіонпероксидази. Для моніторингу якості життя пацієнток проводили оцінку больового синдрому за візуальною аналоговою шкалою. Статистична обробка одержаних даних проводилася за допомогою стандартного пакета програм StatSoft Statistіca for Windows 13.0.

Результати. Оцінка больового синдрому в пацієнток другої групи показала, що больовий синдром у жінок з першою стадією захворювання повністю зник, серед хворих з другою стадією у 8 жінок відзначалося зникнення болю, у 3 — зменшення із сильного до слабкого болю, при третій стадії у 5 жінок біль зник зовсім, у 4 — зменшився із сильного до слабкого, в однієї жінки зменшився з нестерпного болю до слабкого. Усі пацієнтки другої групи відзначали зменшення болю при статевому житті, а при першій стадії — його відсутність, підвищення працездатності (r = 0,64; p < 0,01), зниження дратівливості й нервозності в перименструальний період (r = –0,59; p < 0,05) і в цілому задоволення результатом лікування. Побічних ефектів не відзначалося в жодної пацієнтки.

Висновки. Удосконалення лікувальної тактики генітального ендометріозу шляхом доповнення терапії супероксиддисмутазою, ресвератролом і цинком є патогенетично обґрунтованим, оскільки чинить значний позитивний вплив на систему «перекисне окиснення ліпідів — антиоксидантна система захисту» порівняно з традиційною схемою лікування.

Abstract. Background. Genital endometriosis is one of the most urgent problems of modern gynecology. Considering oxidative stress as a pathogenetic link of endometriosis, we believe it reasonable to use a combined drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for genital endometriosis supplemented with the use of superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc, taking into account the leading pathophysiological links of the pathology.

Materials and methods. Thirty-seven women of reproductive age with genital endometriosis were under observation. Treatment in the first group was carried out in accordance with the Guideline Development Group recommendations. Thirty-nine women of the second group additionally received a drug containing superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc. The control group included 30 healthy women. The state of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the blood serum and the antioxidant defense system by the content of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. To monitor the patients’ quality of life, pain syndrome was studied using the Visual Analogue Scale. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by means of the standard StatSoft Statistica for Windows 13.0 program package.

Results. The assessment of the pain syndrome in the second group showed that it completely disappeared in women with the first stage of the disease. Among patients with the second stage, pain disappeared in 8 cases, 3 patients had a decrease from severe to mild pain. At the third stage, pain disappeared completely in 5 women, in 4 cases, it decreased from severe to mild, and in one woman, the pain decreased from unbearable to mild. All patients of the second group noted a decrease in pain during intercourse, and in the first stage — its absence, an increase in work capacity (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), a decrease in irritability and anxiety in the perimenstrual period (r = –0.59, p < 0.05) and overall satisfaction with the treatment result. Side effects were not noted in any of the patients.

Conclusions. Improving treatment for genital endometriosis by supplementing therapy with superoxide dismutase, resveratrol, and zinc is pathogenetically justified, as it has a significant positive effect on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system, compared to the traditional treatment regimen.