ABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate hepcidin as a marker of iron status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (stage 5 vs. stage 3), and to assess its association with iron injection status within the maintenance hemodialysis group.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study compared 69 hemodialysis (stage 5 CKD [G1]) and 19 non-dialysis (stage 3 CKD [G2]) patients, assessing hepcidin, ferritin and hemoglobin. As a part of their standard anemia management, patients requiring iron administration received scheduled injections of ferric carboxymaltose.
Results: Hemodialysis patients (G1) had significantly lower hemoglobin and higher anemia prevalence than non-dialysis patients (G2), while baseline hepcidin and ferritin levels were comparable. Importantly, hepcidin levels were above the normal range in 85,5% and 84,2% of G1 and G2 patients, respectively. Hepcidin
correlated positively with ferritin in both groups (G1: ρ=0,66, p<0,001; G2: ρ=0,87, p<0,001). Within G1, recent iron injections, administered in 24 patients, were significantly associated with higher hepcidin and ferritin, but not hemoglobin, as compared to patients without additional ferric therapy (n=45) (effect size: r=0,09 [by hemoglobin], r=0,80 [by hepcidin] and r=0,58 [by ferritin]).
Conclusions: Significant iron metabolism impairment, marked by high hepcidin and ferritin prevalence, exists in both CKD stages studied. Although hemodialysis patients had lower hemoglobin, baseline hepcidin/ferritin levels were similar between groups. Within the hemodialysis group, recent iron injections were associated with increased hepcidin/ferritin but not hemoglobin. Findings suggest hepcidin may be a crucial indicator of functional iron availability in CKD, potentially offering more insight than ferritin, particularly reflecting acute changes following iron administration in hemodialysis patients.
KEY WORD S: hepcidin, ferritin, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis
ABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the relationships of kidney function with clinical and laboratory parameters in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 105 MM patients. Data included clinical manifestations and standard laboratory parameters.
Kidney function was assessed via estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, urea, uric acid (UA), calcium (Ca), and albumin-to-creatinine
ratio (ACR). The markers of MM activity and burden included M-protein, beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), albumin, hemoglobin (Hb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
and platelets (PLT). Rank biserial correlation assessed associations between symptoms and laboratory parameters. Rank-based canonical correlation analysis
(RCCA) explored the multivariate relationship between six kidney function indicators and six MM-related markers.
Results: Common laboratory abnormalities included elevated β2m (90,5 %) and anemia (indicated by low Hb in 52,4 % of patients). Frequent symptoms
included bone pain (71,4 %) and weakness (68,6 %). Symptoms like weakness/breathlessness correlated significantly with (β2m, M-protein) and renal impairment (creatinine, ACR, eGFR). RCCA identified one significant canonical correlation (R1=0,497; p=0,013), linking impaired renal function (characterized by low
eGFR, high ACR, creatinine and urea) with a myeloma profile indicative of disease activity and burden (high β2m, low Hb, low albumin, and high M-protein).
Conclusions: The study confirms a significant multivariate association between a profile of impaired renal function and markers reflecting MM activity, hematopoietic suppression and systemic burden. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of MM-related kidney injury and highlight the clinical utility
of monitoring key laboratory markers (including eGFR, ACR, creatinine, β2m, Hb and albumin) alongside clinical evaluation for comprehensive assessment
and management of MM patients.
KEY WORDS: multiple myeloma, chronic kidney disease, anemia
Tumors of the right uterine appendages cannot always be distinguished from mucous neoplasms of the appendix (MA) at the preoperative stage. According to the literature, MA is traditionally considered more common in women than in men at the age of 50 years, with a ratio of 4:1. We have identified 2 cases of surgical treatment of MA in gynecological practice, one of mucinous cystadenoma and the other of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. We present the visual intraoperative assessment of the appendix condition in cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, clinical manifestations, diagnostic discrepancies, and operative tactics. The literature on the detection of appendicular mu-cocele that mimics ovarian tumor formations in women has been reviewed. The features of diagnostics and possible diagnostic errors were summarized. Diagnostic laparoscopy, visual and operative clinical experience of the surgeon, and cytological and histological examinations of intra- and postoperative results allow for an adequate treatment. It is advisable that the stages and course of appendectomy be reviewed by operating gynecologists and, if necessary, general surgeons.
Keywords: right uterine appendage, mucocele, appendix, appendicular mucinous cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma.CASE REPORT
Анотація. Важливість вивчення носових кровотеч або епістаксису (від грецького "epistazo" – стікати краплями) полягає не лише в їхній поширеності, але й у необхідності диференційної діагностики та ургентних долікарських та лікарських заходів першої допомоги, включаючи інтервенційні. Носова кровотеча може бути симптомом серйозних захворювань, таких як гіпокоагуляція, артеріальна гіпертензія, пухлини носової порожнини, системні захворювання тощо. У переважній більшості випадків епістаксис стверджують з передньої нижньої частини носової перегородки (зона Кіссельбаха), і лише в невеликої кількості – із середніх та задніх відділів носа. Метою нашої роботи було у формі клінічної лекції проаналізувати та ствердити деякі етіологічні й патогенетичні паралелі виникнення, локалізації й клінічних проявів носових кровотеч, описати принципи невідкладної медичної допомоги. Місцеві методи зупинки кровотечі: передня тампонада носа: введення в передні відділи носової
порожнини марлевих турунд, просочених розчинами, що зупиняють кровотечу (наприклад, амінокапроновою кислотою, перекисом водню), або спеціальних гемостатичних матеріалів (наприклад, колагенових губок, целюлозних матеріалів). Задня тампонада та коагуляція є більш складними процедурами і часто потребує госпіталізації. Системне лікування може включати гемостатичні препарати та інфузійну терапію. У важких випадках може знадобитися хірургічне втручання (перев'язка судин, емболізація). Сучасні дослідження в лікуванні носових кровотеч зосереджені на розробці нових біорозкладних гемостатичних матеріалів, оптимізації існуючих методів (включаючи ендоскопічні техніки), вивченні нових фармакологічних засобів та персоналізованому підході до лікування.
Ключові слова. Носові кровотечі, причини виникнення, клінічні прояви, невідкладна медична допомога, принципи комплексного лікування.
Abstract. The importance of studying nasal bleeding or epistaxis (from the Greek "epistazo" - to drain drops) lies not only in their prevalence, but also in the need for differential diagnosis and urgent pre -hospital and first aid, including interventional ones. Nasal bleeding can be a symptom of serious diseases such as hypocoagulation, hypertension, tumors of the nasal cavity, systemic diseases, etc. In the vast majority of cases, the epistaxis is claimed from the anterior lower part of the nasal septum (Kisselbach zone), and only in a small number - from the middle and posterior departments of the nose. The purpose of our work was in the form of a clinical lecture to analyze and affirm some etiological and pathogenetic parallels of occurrence,
localization and clinical manifestations of nasal bleeding, and describe the principles of emergency medical care. Local methods of stopping bleeding: anterior tamponade of the nose: introduction into the anterior parts of the nasal cavity of gauze turunds impregnated with solutions that stop bleeding (eg, aminocaproic acid, hydrogen peroxide), or special hemostatic materials (eg, collagen sponges, cellos). The rear tamponade and coagulation are more complex procedures and often require hospitalization. Systemic treatment may include hemostatic drugs and infusion therapy. In severe cases, surgery (vascular ligation, embolization) may be required. Modern studies in the treatment of nasal bleeding focus on the development of new
bio-developed hemostatic materials, optimization of existing methods (including endoscopic techniques), study of new pharmacological agents and personalized approach to treatment.
Keywords. Nasal bleeding, causes, clinical manifestations, emergency medical care, principles of complex treatment.
Abstract: Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole core is the condensed thia/aza-containing bicyclic system combining 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings, which represent an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds. Thus, functionalized derivatives incorporating triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazole are of essential significance and particular interest for both the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their wide spectrum of biological properties. Considering the wide synthetic possibilities as well as a diverse range of pharmacological activities, triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles have received considerable attention from the scientific community as a prospective structural scaffold for rational drug-like molecules build-up. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the literature data about the main synthetic approaches for obtaining triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-based molecules as promising objects for modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry.
Keywords: triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles; fused heterocycles; synthesis; chemical modification; multistep transformation; cyclocondensation; molecular hybridization.