Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of prostate cancer, but patient responses vary significantly. 
This systematic review evaluates the role and application of genomic and transcriptomic markers in assessing ADT efficacy and resistance. 
We analyzed 40 studies focusing on key markers such as AR-V7, TMPRSS2-ERG, RNA expression profiles, and the 23-gene signature. 
Our findings highlight the potential of these markers to personalize ADT, improve patient stratification, and guide treatment decisions. 
Despite promising results, challenges remain in standardization, cost, and clinical integration. 
Corresponding author. Mytsyk Yulian, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland, mytsyk.yulian@gmail.com 

UDC 577.151.042:616.72-002.772:616.72-007.274

Summary
Introduction. Identification of microorganisms that colonize combat wounds and cause wound infection is of primary importance for the subsequent successful treatment of the patient. The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs makes the efforts of modern medicine in the fight against infectious agents ineffective. The problem of infertility is closely related to combat injuries, their infection, stress, and neurotic disorders.
Aim. Obtaining and summarizing data on microbial colonization of mine-blast wounds of pelvic organs and the microbiome of the genitourinary system of combatants.
Materials and methods. 84 smears were taken from 56 wounds of 36 patients with injuries of the pelvic organs who were being treated. 73 patients with injuries were examined for the presence of mycoflora in the urogenital tract. Isolation of pure bacterial cultures was carried out by inoculating the studied material using meat-peptone agar, blood agar, chromogenic agars. For the diagnosis of urogenital or other infections by the PCR method, a scraping from the back wall of the urethra was taken from the patients.
Results. Predominant microorganisms in positive cultures of smears were non-fermenting gram- negative rods, which in 28 % of cultures belonged to the genus Acinetobacter, in 26 % to the genus Pseudomonas. As for associated infections, 20 % of them consisted of the genus Acinetobacter, 32 % – Enterobacter, 4 % – Klebsiella and 29 % – Pseudomonas. Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 37 % of positive smear cultures. The frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus in monoinfection was 2.5 %, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2 %, Bacillus – 3 %, Enterococcus – 4 % and Actynomycceas – 4 %. In associated infections, the frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus was 4 %, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2 %, Bacillus – 4 %, Enterococcus – 3 % and Actynomycceas – 5 %. When analyzing the microflora of the genitourinary system, it was found that the priority role belongs to the combined infection, when there are associations of specific pathogens such as Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamidia spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, which is 80 % of the entire microbiome.
Conclusions. Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the dominant microflora complicating the course of combat wounds during almost two years of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine. Probably, the duration of hostilities, the large number of wounded, and the forced mass unsystematic use of various antibiotics lead to rapid changes in the spectrum of pathogens of combat wounds. Combat wounds and their infection, stress, and nervous disorders lead to an imbalance of microflora, in particular microflora of the genitourinary system, which can be one of the causes of infertility. Chlamydia and Ureaplasma are the most common microorganisms that colonize the urogenital tract of men injured as a result of hostilities.
Keywords: sombat wound, microbial flora, genitourinary system, infertility

УДК 615.12:615.451.1.014.2:615.28:355:616.988:575.834]-036.21(477) 

Заліська О.М., Заболотня З.О., Семенов О.М., Максимович Н.М.,Калинюк Т.Г.,  Барчук О.З. Аналіз тенденцій та необхідності екстемпорального виготовлення лікарських форм в аптеках під час воєнного стану й пандемії COVID-19 в Україні. Фармацевтичний журнал. 2023;4:14-26. 

The shrinkage of water resources, as well as the deterioration of its quality as a result of industrial human activities, requires a comprehensive approach relative to its protection. Advanced oxidation processes show high potential for the degradation of organic pollutants in water
and wastewater. TiO2 is the most popular photocatalyst because of its oxidizing ability, chemical stability and low cost. The major drawback of using it in powdered form is the difficulty of separation from the reaction mixture. The solution to this problem may be immobilization on a support (glass beads, molecular sieves, etc.). In order to avoid these difficulties, the authors propose to prepare a catalyst as a titanium plate covered with an oxide layer obtained with laser treatment. (2) Methods: In the present work, we generated titanium oxide structures using a cheap and fast method based on femtosecond laser pulses. The structurized plates were tested in the reaction of methylene blue (MB) degradation under UVA irradiation (365 nm). The photocatalytic activity and kinetic properties for the degradation of MB are provided. (3) Results: Studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm a titanium oxide layer with laser-induced generated structures
that are called “spikes” and “herringbones”. The structurized plates were effective photocatalysts, and their activity depends on the structure of the oxide layer (spike and herringbone). (4) Conclusions: The immobilization of the catalyst on a solid support can be performed in a fast and reproducible manner by using the technique of laser ablation. The layers obtained with this method have been shown to have catalytic properties.
Keywords: femtosecond laser processing self-organized microstructures; herringbone structure; engineered materials; photocatalysis; waste water treatment

УДК: 578.834.1+641.18:[664.511:664.55]-664.5:665.353.6:639.512(59)

The study aims to review the involvement of different dietary habits in Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese populations in reducing COVID19 impact.

Materials and Methods. The methods of collection, systematization, analysis and generalization of information data have been used. The analysis of literature in scientific databases and analytical platforms by the listed keywords has been performed; all relevant references in the found sources have also been reviewed.

Results and Discussion. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by a highly pathogenic human coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. Current epidemiology reported that more than 500 million cases of COVID-19 occurred in more than 180 countries worldwide. When the upper respiratory tract gets infected by low pathogenetic HCoVs, it typically triggers a mild respiratory disease. In contrast, when the lower airways get infected by highly pathogenic HCoVs, such as SARS-CoV2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur and even fatal pneumonia. Such a situation causes the need for an urgent search of effective treatment measures. A very low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos and Cambodia, as well as low mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Vietnam and Laos, are extremely interesting, especially because of their early exposure to the virus, continuing ties to China, relative poverty, and high population density. The use of several spices and aromatic herbs as natural treatments for several illnesses, including viral infections, has been reported since a long time ago. The research reviewed three integral elements of Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese diets, such as special culinary spices and herbs, coconut oil, and palm oil-rich for saturated fatty acids as well as fermented shrimp paste. Environmental and population genetic causes may be forwarded but moreover local dietary habits may have even a role in this evidence. Therefore, all these items highlight the possibility of a significant contribution of local cuisine and diet into the impact on appropriate anti-inflammatory and immune-resistant mechanisms of the human population.