Diseases of respiratory tract in young children are often accompanied by the development of bronchial obstruction syndrome. Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction are a common problem in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The aim of our work was to test secondary prophylactic measures concerning development and progression of recurrent bronchial obstructive syndrome in young children, who had suffered respiratory disorders in neonatal period. Prophylactic complex included basic therapy (inhalation of glucocorticosteroids—fluticasone propionate or budesonide), administration of immunomodulating drug Ribomunyl and conducting of prophylactic vaccination in specialized inpatient department after prior preparation whith antihistamines.

Objectives:

The feature of disease course was assessed based on the need of using drugs with symptomatic action, frequency of exacerbations, their mean duration and severity in 60 children, who had breathing disorders in neonatal period. Children were randomly divided into two groups. The study of efficacy of secondary prophylactic measures was conducted in 30 children (basic group) and in other 30 patients secondary prophylactic complex was not used (control group).

Methods:

Algorithm of secondary prophylactic complex included basic therapy involving inhalation glucocorticosteroids, administration of immunomodulatory drug Ribomunyl as recommended and conduction of planned prophylactic inoculations with the use of antihistamines.

Conclusions:

In children, who were administered secondary prophylactic complex was a positive dynamics in clinical picture and laboratory data.

Results:

Administration of secondary prophylactic complex enabled, to a certain extent, to prevent progression of bronchial obstructive syndrome and achieve a reliable increase in γ-INF, IgA, IgM, IgG levels and decrease in IL-4 (р < 0.01).

Abstract

Background: In children, facial neuropathy is the most common disease that occurs due to damage of the cranial nerves. Facial nerve palsy (FNP) in children can be congenital or acquired. Congenital FNP may occur at birth due to trauma and with certain genetic syndromes. Acquired FNP can be caused by HSV types 1,2, HHV-6, cytomegalovirus, EBV, VZV, the bacterium B. burgdorferi or can result from inflammatory diseases, trauma and tumors. Unilateral or bilateral FNP is the most common complication of Lyme disease in children. The study that was conducted by Furuta Y. et al. indicates that reactivation of VZV infection is an important cause of acute peripheral FNP in children aged 6-15 years. Case Report: We have described a rare clinical case of bilateral peripheral FNP in a 14-year-old child with a confirmed diagnosis of Lyme disease and reactivation of VZV infection. Conclusions: Prescribed therapy with doxycycline for 21 days and valaciclovir for 7 days made it possible to achieve functional recovery of nerve on both sides.

Objective: The aim: The prevalence analysis of three ways of tobacco use among young adults: traditional (smoking of cigarillos or cigars) and alternative (hookah smoking and use of E-cigarettes) as well as the development of ways of tobacco smoking prevention.

Patients and methods: Materials and methods: Cross-section anonymous survey among young adults 18-44 years of age (n=410) has been conducted. The obtained results were compared with the data of the similar studies from different countries. The statistical methods (analysis of the mean and relative values), structural and logical analysis and systemic approach.

Results: Results: Among those who were interviewed, aged 18-44 years, there are 24.15±2.11 % of respondents - hookah smokers, 9.02±1.42 % persons prefer the traditional method of tobacco use (smoking of cigarillos or cigars), while 6.34±1.20 % ones use E-cigarettes. Such forms of smoking are more common among males. The smokers of cigarillos, cigars and hookahs have appreciated their high availability when buying - 9 (7;10) points out of 10 possible. The study has found that 11.54±1.58 % of smokers of E-cigarettes and 8.08±1.35 % of hookah smokers consider them safe types of smoking and harmless to their health.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The prevention methods of smoking prevalence among young people must be based on the tougher rules of tobacco market and latest devices for smoking at the legislative level.

Treatment of splenic cysts (SC) in children is variable and controversial. Depending on the size and location of these formations in the spleen, surgical correction is possible in open or laparoscopic surgery, or conservative (non-invasive) management. The result of SC treatment should be the complete elimination of the cyst cavity.

Purpose - to evaluate the results of surgical correction or conservative management of CS in children according to remote monitoring changes.

Materials and methods. We conducted the study on 265 children aged 0-17 years (mean age 11.25±4.21 years), who were examined and treated for SC. One hundred seventy-five (66.04±2.91%) children underwent surgery, and 90 (33.96±2.91%) patients received conservative treatment. We subjected all the information recorded in the medical records to statistical processing. The mentioned information could characterize the situation with the treatment process and with dynamic monitoring of this pathology to some extent.

Results. The most common localizations of cysts were the upper (33.21±2.89%) or middle segments of the spleen (29.81±2.81%). Almost every fourth patient (27.92±2.76%) with SC had pathology of other organs or systems, and every tenth (9.81±1.83%) had other diseases of the spleen. We detected residual cyst in 46.42±3.06% of patients; it underwent complete regression within 1-3 years. Residual cyst of small size (which persisted after surgical correction) regressed much faster after surgery compared with regression of cystic formation of small size in the spleen with conservative management (p<0.05).

Conclusions. Therapeutic tactics for SC in children involve different options for individual surgical correction or conservative management, depending on the location, size, relationship to the architecture of the main vessels and the variant of damage to the parenchyma of the spleen. The outcome of treatment of children with SC depends on the volume, location, etiology of the lesion, the method of correction and compliance with all recommendations in the postoperative period against the background of comorbidities.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate the features of pharynx tonsils mucous membrane colonization by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms by using the pharynx palatine tonsils epithelium electron microscopic examination of the patients with infectious mononucleosis and acute streptococcal tonsillitis.

Materials and methods. Two patients – patient P., 12 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and patient A., 8 years old with confirmed acute streptococcal tonsillitis. The patients were taken a bacteriological examination of the mucus and epithelium scraping from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils. Tissue samples were examined in the electron microscopy laboratory of the Lviv National University.

Results and discussion. 36 tonsils epithelial tissue micro preparations of patient A. and 41 micro preparations of patient P. were studied. Streptococcus pyogenes, Str. pneumoniae, Str. viridans, Сandida albicans, as well as non-pathogenic bacteria: Diphtheroides sp., Neisseria sp., Corynebacterium spp. were identified as a result of the patient P. bacteriological examination of mucus from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils. Staph. aureus, Str. viridans, Str. pneumoniae were identified during a bacteriological examination of patient A. Eosinophils with a two-segmented nucleus, specific granularity, and phagocytosed spherical bacteria in the cytoplasm were detected during the histological examination of the materials taken from the surface of the patient’s tonsils with acute tonsillitis. Research showed that bacteria were accumulated not only in the structure of extracellular detritus. Numerous bacteria accumulations were also found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the patient with infectious mononucleosis. The cell's shape looked like a bunch of grapes.

Conclusions. The electron microscopic examination showed differences in the coccal flora localization: the extracellular localization of bacteria in the patient with acute bacterial tonsillitis and intraepithelial presence of the bacteria in the patient with tonsillitis during infectious mononucleosis were found.