The role of iodine as an anticarcinogenic agent is just beginning to be widely appreciated.
METHODS The aim of our study is to identify a link between iodine deficiency and the development of hematological malignancies in children. We screened iodine status in 36 children with oncohematological diseases and 32 healthy. Children were tested for iodine in the urine, ultrasound of thyroid glands were done.

As more data is collected, hematologists will be able to gain more insight into the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Material and methods: We analysed 21 cases of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with onco-hematological diseases treated in the Western Ukrainian Pediatric Medical Center from March 2020 through May 2021. The majority of patients (71.4%) were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All patients from the analyzed cohort had an asymptomatic, mild or moderate course of coronavirus-19 infection. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatitis. Severe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 increased the risk of liver toxicity and venous thrombosis. Results and conclusion: Our analysis showed that pediatric patients with hematological malignancies need the same treatment approach for COVID-19 as for other infective complications.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In COVID-19, the inflammation and blood coagulation systems are excessively activated. SARS-CoV- 2 damages endothelial cells and pneumocytes, which leads to disruption of hemostasis in SARS. Thromboembolism is the main cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Clots, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), ranging from minor to fatal complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are known. Individuals with pre-existing diseases are more susceptible to the development of blood clots and poor outcomes. High levels of circulating cytokines and D-dimer (DD) are influential biomarkers of poor outcomes in COVID-19. The latter occurs as a result of hyperfibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. Plasmin is a key player in fibrinolysis and is involved in the cleavage of many viral envelope proteins, including SARS-CoV. Due to this function penetration of viruses into the host cell occurs. In addition, plasmin is involved in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS and promotes the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF, from activated macrophages. The focus of existing treatment to alleviate fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 is the use of systemic fibrinolytic therapy given thrombotic pathology in severe forms of COVID-19 which may lead to death. However, fibrinolytic therapy may be harmful in the advanced stages of COVID-19, when the status of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) changes from suppressed fibrinolysis to its enhancement during the progression of the disease. This narrative review aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which will further help in precise diagnosis and treatment.