УДК: 616.988.55:(616.31+616.321)]-022]-053.2-07

Лайм-бореліоз–це мультисистемне інфекційне захворювання, яке виникає внаслідок інфікування бактеріями комплексу Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Перебіг захворювання характеризується трьома стадіями: ранньою локалізованою, ранньою дисемінованою та пізньою. Однією з рідкісних форм ранньої дисемінованої стадії хвороби Лайма у дітей є лімфоцитома. Нами описано клінічний випадок бореліозної лімфоцитоми, спричиненої поєднанням трьох видів борелій (Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii) у дівчинки 6 років. Захворювання маніфестувало з множинної мігруючої еритеми в ділянці обличчя дитини, яку було прийнято за алергічний дерматит. Укусу кліща, в анамнезі, у дитини, зі слів батьків, не було. Діагноз підтверджено методом ІФА та імуноблотаналізом. Пацієнтці було призначене лікування доксицикліном упродовж 21 дня по 50 мг 2 р/д. Через три тижні після початку антибіотикотерапії спостерігалась повна регресія лімфоцитоми

УДК 616.379-006.443:616.988.23 + 61.921.5-08-053.2

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. The prognosis varies depending on the form of the disease and organ damage. Any organs and systems can be involved in the pathological process in various combinations. A poor response to standard therapy and an unfavorable prognosis are characteristic of patients with a multisystem form of LCH and involvement of organs at risk. Skin lesions are a classic sign of LCH. Purpose - to describe the complexity and duration of diagnosis of LCH with multisystem damage in a boy aged 2 years and 2 months, infected with poliomyelitis and coronavirus. Clinical case. The first clinical manifestations of LCH in the child debuted with an eczematous-seborrheic rash on the scalp with spread to the limbs and trunk. The child was treated for toxicoderma, hemorrhagic vasculitis at the place of residence for 6 months. The boy lost 1.5 kg of body weight in 1 month. At the time of hospitalization, seborrheic-eczematous rashes on the skin with a hemorrhagic component, trophic-inflammatory changes in the nails of the hands, signs of protein-energy deficiency, stomatitis, gingivitis, hepatosplenomegaly, polyserositis, diabetes insipidus, osteolytic foci of the frontal bones were found. Results of the tests: anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, coagulation disorders. The patient had the onset of lower flaccid paraparesis, muscle hypotonia. The boy was diagnosed with a number of infectious complications, including poliomyelitis (a derivative of vaccine poliovirus type 2), COVID-19. The child received LCH-III cytostatic therapy with a positive effect. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

As more data is collected, hematologists will be able to gain more insight into the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Material and methods: We analysed 21 cases of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with onco-hematological diseases treated in the Western Ukrainian Pediatric Medical Center from March 2020 through May 2021. The majority of patients (71.4%) were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All patients from the analyzed cohort had an asymptomatic, mild or moderate course of coronavirus-19 infection. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatitis. Severe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 increased the risk of liver toxicity and venous thrombosis. Results and conclusion: Our analysis showed that pediatric patients with hematological malignancies need the same treatment approach for COVID-19 as for other infective complications.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is highly contagious and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In COVID-19, the inflammation and blood coagulation systems are excessively activated. SARS-CoV- 2 damages endothelial cells and pneumocytes, which leads to disruption of hemostasis in SARS. Thromboembolism is the main cause of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Clots, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), ranging from minor to fatal complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are known. Individuals with pre-existing diseases are more susceptible to the development of blood clots and poor outcomes. High levels of circulating cytokines and D-dimer (DD) are influential biomarkers of poor outcomes in COVID-19. The latter occurs as a result of hyperfibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. Plasmin is a key player in fibrinolysis and is involved in the cleavage of many viral envelope proteins, including SARS-CoV. Due to this function penetration of viruses into the host cell occurs. In addition, plasmin is involved in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS and promotes the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF, from activated macrophages. The focus of existing treatment to alleviate fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 is the use of systemic fibrinolytic therapy given thrombotic pathology in severe forms of COVID-19 which may lead to death. However, fibrinolytic therapy may be harmful in the advanced stages of COVID-19, when the status of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) changes from suppressed fibrinolysis to its enhancement during the progression of the disease. This narrative review aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which will further help in precise diagnosis and treatment.

SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the vast majority, affects adult patients. The severity of COVID-19 and mortality are directly correlated with the increasing age of patients and the number of comorbidities. However, with the further development of the COVID-19 pandemic, severe cases of COVID-19 have been reported in children. About 0.8-1% of sick children require hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The main syndromes that cause disease severity and mortality in children are acute respiratory distress syndrome, multisystem inflammation syndrome and multiple organ failure. The rapid development of severe respiratory failure and hypoxemia in respiratory distress syndrome leads to the use of various methods of respiratory therapy, and in case of their ineffectiveness to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In our report, we present two clinical cases of successful use of ECMO in children with COVID-19, who developed severe ARDS.