УДК 543.61:612.2-3:616-008.842/.848

Розроблення методичних прийомів аналізу особливостей змін рівноважного стану маси органічних та неорганічних речовин у системах типу «середовище –речовина» за дії екзо-і ендогенних чинників, які забезпечують об’єктивне оцінювання особливостей розподілу складових цих систем та встановлення параметрів шкідливого і/або захисного впливу окремо взятих чинників на гомеостаз їх маси. Для вирішення поставлених завдань застосовано гравіметричний метод і використано ряд фізико-хімічних властивостей складових, а саме: здатність органічних речовин горіти за низької й високої температури; здатність неорганічних речовин розчинятися у дистильованій воді, хлористоводневій кислоті та її суміші з нітратною кислотою (aqua regia aбо вода царів «В.Ц.»); здатність відцентрової сили ділити зразок на рідину і осад; здатність молекул електролітів дисоціювати на іони. Оцінювання визначених показників здійснено спеціально введеною формулою розрахунку (Δх = х0 ± хі ) дельти змін маси складових за дії екзо-і ендогенних чинників. Застосовані прийоми і способи нескладної методології аналізу результатів досліджень забезпечують визначення безвідносних і відносних показників маси легкозаймистих (ЛЗ) і термостійких (ТС) органічних (ОР) та неорганічних (НР) речовин мінералізованої золи (МЗ) порошкоподібних зразків сухого залишку (СЗ), розчинених і нерозчинених складових МЗ дистильованою водою і концентрованими кислотами вносять суттєві корективи в ідентифікацію й конкретизацію шкідливого і/або захисного впливу. Отримані показники дозволяють не лише аналізувати особливості розподілу складових у системах типу «середовище –речовина», але й обґрунтовувати їх зв’язок між парами (Н2О:СЗ; Н2О:МЗ; Н2О:ЛЗ; Н2О:ТС; СЗ:ТС; МЗ:ТС; ЛЗ:ТС; СЗ:ЛЗ; СЗ:МЗ; МЗ:ЛЗ).

UDC 615.69-008.3-092-02:355.422-057]-085.214:615.036-042.2

Premature ejaculation is one of the most common male sexual disorders and occurs with a frequency of 21-33% in various populations. The etiology of premature ejaculation is practically not established, although it is a fairly common type of sexual dysfunction. According to various data, sexual dysfunction occurs in 49.1-80% veterans of combat-actions with post-traumatic stress disorder. Premature ejaculation can interfere with sexual satisfaction, leading to a reduced quality of life for men and their partners. It has been shown that serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be the drugs of choice in the treatment of premature ejaculation. The aim of the work was to improve methods of treating sexual dysfunction accompanied by premature ejaculation in men injured as a result of hostilities. 56 men injured as a result of hostilities with sexual dysfunction and complaints of premature ejaculation were examined. Patients were divided into two groups depen­ding on the selected selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – venlafaxine (n=24) and dapoxetine (n=32) which they had been receiving for at least 1.5 months. After treatment with both serotonin reuptake inhibitors, reactive and personality anxiety symptoms objectively decreased, as assessed by the Spielberger-Hanan scale. Treatment with venlafaxine and paro­xetine resulted in a significant reduction in depressive symptoms in men with premature ejaculation. They turned out to be relatively balanced drugs with satisfactory efficacy and relatively few side effects. However, venlafaxine, compared to dapoxetine, produced 2.1 times fewer side effects and 20% fewer relapses. The average duration of sexual intercourse after treatment with both drugs positively correlated with the overall improvement of sexual function according to the IIEF-5 scale (r=0.70; p<0.05 for the first group; r=0.85; p<0.05 for the second group). An inverse correlation was found between the average duration of sexual intercourse and the score of anxiety symptoms on the Spielberger-Hanin scale in patients of both study groups (r= -0.69; p<0.05 for the first group; r= -0.68; p<0.05 for the second group). Although dapoxetine is considered the “gold standard” among serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of premature ejaculation, the drug is used by the patient only on demand, and other drugs in this group, which are antidepressants, may have a more positive effect on patients with depression and concomitant premature ejaculation, who have suffered as a result of hostilities. The study demonstrates that the neurotransmitter serotonin plays a key role in the modulation of ejaculation, as the use of its reuptake inhibitors, in particular dapoxetine and venlafaxine, contributes to an increase in intravaginal latency time to ejaculation.

The molecular and stromal mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of prostate hyperplasia as a metabolic disorder are not yet fully understood, but it is believed that the etiology of hyperplasia is influenced by a number of factors, including aging, hormonal changes, metabolic syndrome, dietary factors, inflammation, oxidative stress, and, more recently, suppression of apo p tosis in prostate tissue. A number of studies emphasize the disruption of pro/antioxidant status in the development of prostate hyperplasia. The aim of the research is to study the activity and kinetic characteristics of glutathione-S-transferase (GsT) in pro s tate biopsies from patients with benign hyperplasia and hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis. The prostate tissue (biopsies) from two groups of patients were used. Group 1 consisted of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 14); group 2 consisted of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis (n = 14). It was shown that GsT activity in the soluble fraction of prostate biopsies from patients with benign hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis was 1.60 times higher than in patients without chronic prostatitis. It was found that the kinetics of the GsT reaction is consistent with the patterns of a zero-order reaction in the range of 0–3 min: in this time interval, the dependence graph of the product formation on the incubation period was practically linear. It was shown that the value of V 0 in patients with prostatic hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis wa s almost twice as high as that in patients without chronic prostatitis. Over the entire range of GSH concentrations, enzyme activity in samples from patients with inflammation was higher than in patients without chronic prostatitis. Similar changes were also observed with an increase in the concentration of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the incubation medium at a constant GSH concentrations. Calculation of the kinetic parameters of GsT activity shows that the maximum reaction rate of accumulation of the optically active dinitrobenzene conjugate, determined by GSH, was 1.44 times higher in patients with chronic prostatitis compared to the first group. The affinity constant for GSH in this group of patients was 2.28 times higher compared to patients without chronic prostatitis. When interpre t ing the obtained kinetic parameters determined by GSH, it is shown that GsT activity in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia without chronic prostatitis is reduced both due to a decrease in the enzyme reaction rate (V max decreases) and due to a increase in the enzyme's affinity for GSH (KGSH decreases).

УДК 619:612.174:612.1:636.4

Abstract

The primary aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the influence of endogenous factors (products of inflammatory processes occurring in the tissues of female genitals) in the biological system of type “environment (uterine-vaginal mucus) – substance (water, organic and inorganic substances)” on the indicators of mass (g, mg) of its components. The results of the experiments indicate that their harmful effect changes the color and density of mucus released during estrus (UVM); reduces the parameters of the mass content of H₂O and inorganic substances (IS), but increases – organic (OS). Under these circumstances, the distribution of the parameters of the mass of the components of the dry residue (DR, dried at 105 ^oC) of UVM of cows of the experimental group is presented in a row where the mass of ОS₁ (burn at 520–530 ^oC) ˃IS ˃ОS₂ (burn at 650 ^оС), but for control is another as well as mass of IS˃ОS₁˃ОS₂. This means that the harmful effects of inflammatory products on the genital tissues of females negatively affect the distribution of the mass of OS and IS in the system “environment-substance”.

УДК: 612.014.484:012.015.1]-078.73-037-092.9

The development of oxidative and nitrative stress and the processes of free radical oxidation are associated with many pathological processes. Damage of any origin leads to the activation of free radical processes not only in the place of damage, but also in the whole organism. The aim of the study is to assess the state of lipid peroxidation, content of GSH and GSSG and the activity of NO-synthase and arginase in lymphocytes and peripheral blood serum in men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma. The research was conducted on peripheral blood lymphocytes of men injured as a result of combat operations (shrapnel and bullet wounds) in the Russian-Ukrainian war, and who were treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Western Region (Lviv, Ukraine). The research group of men with combat injuries was divided into two age groups: men aged 20–39 years and men aged 40–53 years. The MDA content in the blood serum of patients of both age groups was 1.35 times higher than in the control group. In peripheral blood lymphocytes, the MDA content in patients of the young age group was 1.27, and in patients of the middle age group in 1.39 times higher than in the control group. Simultaneously, no significant changes in the concentration of oxidized glutathione in blood serum and blood lymphocytes were found between men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma and healthy men. GSH content in blood serum in patients of both age groups was
significantly lower than in the control group. The arginase/NOS ratio in blood serum was 9.75 times lower in the young age group and in 20.45 times lower in the middle age group compared to healthy men. It was established that in the blood serum and blood lymphocytes of men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma, processes of lipid peroxidation were intensified and the GSH level was reduced. The GSH/GSSG ratio was reduced only in blood serum. It was found that the oxidative stress is associated with development of nitrative stress. The arginase/NOS ratio was shifted towards increased NOS activity. Activation of iNOS was accompanied by significant inhibition of cNOS. Further study of biochemical mechanisms is important to understand the triggers of erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma.
Keywords: trauma; erectile dysfunction;MDA content; glutathione;NO-synthase; arginase.