Differential diagnosis of patients with angina can be challenging. It is difficult to ascertain the presence of angina pectoris in a middle-aged woman, and a primary diagnosis of coronary heart disease is rarely considered. The purpose of the work is to discuss another cause of myocardial infarction in a patient without atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKMS) is characterized by a vicious cycle where each pathogenic link exacerbates the others, contributing to progressive deterioration in cardiac function, renal performance, and metabolic stability. The study aimed to assess kidney, heart, and metabolic functions in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and examine these charac- teristics in dependence on endogenous intoxication severity. A number of 110 CHF patients (main group, MG) and 90 patients without CHF (control group, CG) were studied. The MG had a median age of 69.9 years, with 74.5% male patients. Echocardiographic parameters, renal function markers, and endogenous intoxication indices were measured. CKMS subgroups were stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): GFR1 (>90 mL/min/1.73 m2), GFR2 (60–90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and GFR3 (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). MG patients exhibited significantly higher serum creatinine (97.7 μmol/L versus 72.8 μmol/L) and urea levels (7.1 mmol/L vs. 5.3 mmol/L), alongside lower eGFR (67.1 vs. 87.0 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to CG (p<0.006). Survival analysis revealed a cumulative event-free survival rate of 60.8% in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 75.2% in those with eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.04). Structural heart abnormalities, including reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, correlated with declining eGFR levels. Body mass index was inversely related to eGFR and positively associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, hypertension, and metabolic dysregulation. Patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 demonstrated more severe lipid abnormalities and systemic inflammation, reflected in elevated fibrinogen and middle-mass molecules. CKMS in CHF patients is characterized by impaired renal filtration, metabolic instability, and cardiac dysfunction. These changes correlate with systemic inflammation and endogenous intoxication, underscoring the need for integrated therapeutic strategies targeting these interrelated pathologies.
Keywords: cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome, chronic heart failure, eGFR, endogenous intoxication, systemic inflammation
UDC 616.12-002.77:616.5-003.214:616.366
Introduction. Cardiovascular complications are the common in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP; IgA-vasculitis). Heart condition is strictly connected with gall bladder (GB) changes. However the heart condition in patients with HSP in dependence of gallbladder status was not studied before.
Purpose. To reveal peculiarities of heart structure and function in patients with HSP in dependence of gall bladder condition.
Material and methods. We analyzed data from 75 patients with active HSP, which underwent the treatment according to guidelines of Helsinki Declaration. Investigated patients included 57% females and 43% males, middle age – 47.7±4.3 years; middle body mass index (BMI) 27,9 kg/m2. Patients were divided into 6 groups: group 0 – normal intact GB (38.7%); group 1 – sludge, polyposis and cholesterosis of GB (14.7%); group 2 – bent GB body (10.1%); group 3 – GB neck deformations and signs of chronic cholecystitis (18.7%); group 4 – cholelithiasis (10.1%); group 5 – patients with removed GB (7.7%). Digital data was processed with the statistical methods, the quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Values of р<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results. Patients with HSP significantly more often had some GB disorders than its intact status (61.3% vs 38.7%, р<0.05). Group 1 with sludge, cholesterosis and polyposis of GB was characterized by the normal values of EchoCG parameters. Patients with bent GB body (group 2) had bigger arrhythmia frequency and heart rate close to the maximal value but the best EchoCG. Group 3 had the most often left axis deviation and quite rare arrhythmias. Group 4 of patients with HSP and cholelithiasis was characterized by the maximal frequency of arterial hypertension, the highest frequency of arrhythmias, the most often presence of both bundle branch block and the worst EchoCG parameters. Group 5 of patients with HSP and removed GB was characterized by the maximal frequency of presence of left ventricle hypertrophy, the highest heart rate and left axis deviation. Heart structure in these patients can be estimated as better than in patients with cholelithiasis.
Conclusions. The heart and GB conditions in patients with HSP are tightly connected. The worsening of GB condition was accompanied by worsening of structural and functional heart parameters. Cholecystectomy can improve heart condition. Patients with HSP and GB disorders need more thorough examination and early correction of biliary diseases.
Keywords: Henoch-Schönlein purpura, gall bladder, heart structure and function, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, arrhythmia, heart block.
УДК 616.12:612-001]:355(091)
Вступ. Ушкодження серцево-судинної системи (ССС) у постраждалих з бойовою травмою вкрай різноманітні та є найпоширенішою патологією внутрішніх органів у цієї категорії пацієнтів. На стан ССС та кардіоваскулярний ризик (КВР) можуть впливати травматичні ампутації кінцівок, але стан серця за умов бойових травматичних ампутацій кінцівок вивчений недостатньо.
Мета. Визначити особливості стану ССС у поранених з ампутованими кінцівками у віддалені терміни бойової травми.
Матеріал та методи. Проведено огляд літератури за ключовими словами та наведені власні клінічні випадки.
Результати. За умов бойових травматичних ампутацій кінцівок може розвиватись кардіоміопатія, яка проявляється зменшенням толерантності до фізичного навантаження з погіршенням коронарного кровоплину і змінами варіабельності серцевого ритму, збільшенням КВР та коронарного ризику внаслідок перебудови судинного русла через ангіосклероз, ліпідний дистрес, інсулінорезистентність, ендотеліальну дисфункцію, запалення та ендогенну інтоксикацію. На нашу думку, вже на ранніх стадіях лікування на електрокардіограмі (ЕКГ) виявляють певні зміни, притаманні кардіоміопатії, про що свідчить наведений аналіз ЕКГ.
Висновки. Після бойової травматичної ампутації кінцівок вже на ранніх стадіях розвивається кардіоміопатія, яка проявляється збільшенням індексу
Sokolow-Lyon без інших ознак гіпертрофії лівого шлуночка, помірним подовженням інтервалу QT, неповними блокадами ніжок пучка Гіса та змінами зубця Р, що вимагає ретельного аналізу можливих причин.
UDC 378.1.096:616
The introduction of innovative teaching technologies in higher medical education contributes to its intensification, effective implementation of the acquired knowledge into practice, formation of clinical thinking, and development of practical skills and abilities. It is ensured by the joint work of the student, who is at the centre of the educational process, and an experienced teacher who uses innovative methods. The study aimed to analyse the use of innovative methods in clinical departments of higher education institutions. The analytical method of literature data and the comparative method of comparing with one's own clinical and teaching experience were used. Game methods have become essential nowadays in the context of distance or blended learning. The advantage of a clinical game is the expansion of knowledge and experience of participants who learn to interact, make quick and correct decisions, evaluate their effectiveness and consequences, and have the opportunity to correct mistakes. The teacher can change the context, tasks, logistics of instrumental and laboratory examinations, and management tactics. The effective work of the teacher, the skilful use of innovative technologies, and the quality of the presentation of the material affect the student's interest in learning. Evaluating student mistakes that do not harm the patient or worsen their condition is important. There are games with a change of context, examination results, sudden development of an emergency, and a game with incomplete data that the participant has to model. The clinical game can be adapted for both classroom and distance learning; it can be based on data from real patients. Thus, innovative technologies of the educational process, including simulation ones, promote active independent learning, the development of practical skills and abilities, and the formation of clinical thinking. The clinical game is a creative method of teaching that expands the knowledge and experience of participants, has an educational function, brings them closer to future practical work and can be used in various forms of education.