Arboviruses are an ecological group of viruses that are maintained in nature among susceptible vertebrates through biological transmission by blood-sucking arthropods. More than 500 species of arboviruses are known in the world, and 150 of them can cause human diseases. At present, five
arboviruses belonging to four families of RNA-containing viruses (Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Togaviridae) have the greatest clinical significance in Europe. West Nile (WNV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and Toscana (TOSV) viruses can cause febrile diseases with injuring the central nervous system, Crimean-Congo hemorrhgic fever virus (CCHFV) – hemorrhagic fever, and Sindbis virus (SINV) – fever with arthralgia. WNV and SINV are
transmitted by mosquitoes, TBEV and CCHFV viruses – by ticks, and Toscana virus – by sandflies. The geographical distribution of arboviruses and the spring-autumn seasonality of diseases caused by them coincide with the range and period of activity of blood-sucking arthropod vectors. Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are exotic for Europe, but in recent years there has been an increase in cases of them being introduced during travel.