Багато міфів сьогодні породжує проблема харчової гіперчутливості, яка об’єднує велику кількість патологічних станів, зумовлених різними варіантами патогенезу. Попри прогресивне зростання поширеності даної патології у дитячій популяції, представлені в літературі епідеміологічні дані мають великий діапазон коливань. Водночас розуміємо, що оцінити реальну поширеність харчової гіперреактивності серед дітей у нашій країні на сьогодні складно, оскільки масштабні епідеміологічні дослідження з вивчення даної патології поодинокі. Насамперед, така ситуація пояснюється труднощами проведення якісних епідеміологічних досліджень й отриманням статистичних даних переважно на підставі звернень за медичною допомогою, а не на активного виявлення патології.

Алергія на кліщів домашнього пилу — основна причина респіраторних форм алергії, а саме алергічного риніту та бронхіальної астми. До  кліщів домашнього пилу сенсибілізовані 1–2% населення у  світі, що еквівалентно 65–
135 млн осіб. Загалом сьогодні доведено існування понад 150 видів кліщів домашнього пилу. Серед них найбільш поширеними і клінічно значимими видами є Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus та Dermatophagoides farinae. У статті представлено практичні поради щодо розпізнавання, діагностики, лікування алергії на кліщів домашнього пилу та попередження розвитку симптомів захворювання.
Ключові слова: алергія, алергія на кліщів домашнього пилу, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Аллервег

Cow's milk protein allergy is a topical issue in pediatrics. The diagnostic algorithm for cow's milk protein allergy includes thorough history taking, examination, physical development assessment, determination of specific cow's milk IgE, and oral food challenge tests.
The study aimed to develop a step-by-step algorithm for conducting oral food challenge tests with milk in young children, taking into account individual indications and risks.
Materials and methods. The task is to diagnose the cow's milk protein allergy in children in the first year of life. It is solved by allergy history taking, examination, assessment of physical development, detection of specific cow's milk IgE and based on the obtained results, oral food challenge test is performed: in age category before reaching one year when the specific IgE is more than 0.7 kU/L, testing is performed in the intensive care unit, if the specific IgE is less than 0.7 kU/L – in a specialized inpatient department.
Patients. The algorithm for diagnosing cow's milk protein allergy in 96 children under 12 months of age was tested in the City Children's Clinical Hospital.
During the oral food challenge test, the dose is increased logarithmically until the desired amount of product is reached, depending on the predicted risk of the reaction. Children at medium risk (specific IgE less than 0.7 kU/L) are tested in a specialized inpatient department by “five steps”, and at high risk (specific IgE greater than 0.7 kU/L) – in the intensive care unit by “eight steps”.
Results. Among 96 children who underwent an oral food challenge test with milk, cow's milk protein allergy was diagnosed in 42 (43.75%). After the oral food challenge test, patients were given further recommendations, of which 27 (64.29%) were transferred to a formula with total protein hydrolysis, and 15 (35.71%) began to take oral tolerance induction (regular administration of acidified milk formula from lower doses to larger).
Conclusions: The developed algorithm for conducting oral food challenge tests with milk in children of the first year of life gives a possibility to personally select the examination technique taking into account the indications and risks. Appropriate preparation for the oral food challenge test enables to correctly conduct it, interpret the results, and develop a therapeutic approach.
Keywords: cow’s milk allergy, food allergy, oral food challenge test. 

Nowadays, newborns that required prolonged respiratory maintenance for different reasons are more often surviving. Increase in the number of complications is observed on the background of positive clinical effects of certain component of intensive therapy. Search for the factors, which provoke appearance of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome, is an important component and basis of prophylaxis.

The aim of our research was to conduct analysis of factors that provoke the development of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome.

To build mathematical model of bronchial obstruction development in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period,, the method of logistic regression was used

The results of conducted analysis enabled to detect that the presence of respiratory therapy significantly determines the risk of appearance of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome and suggest mathematical model of individual calculation of risk factors in this pathology. Data of conduction of mathematical analysis can be used for elaboration of a complex of rehabilitation measures concerning the development of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome in children, who suffered respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The highest risk of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome development in children born before 29 gestational week with simultaneous combination of prolonged (over 700 hours) total period of respiratory therapy.

Elaborated method of individual calculation of the risk of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome development in young children, who experienced respiratory disorders in neonatal period, has practical significance and can be applied in everyday clinical practice. 

The development of allergic rhinitis is considered to be caused by the complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-13/4/4RA pathway have previously been shown to be associated with atopic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between IL-13 R130Q, IL-4 T589C, IL4 receptor alpha (IL-4RA) I50V, or IL-4RA Q576R polymorphisms and risk of allergic rhinitis in a hospital-based Malaysian population. A case-control pilot study was undertaken and genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism on 54 allergic rhinitis patients and 45 healthy individuals. Polymorphism of IL-13 R130Q showed significant difference in genotype (p 0.048) and allele (p 0.002) frequencies in allergic rhinitis when compared with healthy controls. Individuals who were GA heterozygotes (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 3.567; 95% CI, 1.211–10.509), and carriers of A allele genotype (ORadj 3.686; 95% CI, 1.300 –10.451) and A allele (ORadj 3.071; 95% CI, 1.514 – 6.232) had an elevated risk of developing allergic rhinitis. The genotype and allele frequencies of IL-4 T589C, IL-4RA
I50V, and IL-4RA Q576R polymorphisms were not significantly different between the allergic rhinitis patients and normal healthy individuals and did not show an associated risk with allergic rhinitis. Our findings indicate that polymorphic variant of IL-13 R130Q appears to be associated with increased risk for development of allergic rhinitis in a hospital-based Malaysian population but not IL-4 T589C, IL-4RA I50V, and IL-4RA Q576 polymorphisms. Additional studies using larger sample size are required to confirm our findings and its exact role in allergic rhinitis.