UDC 616.5–006.63:[617.54–06:616.71–018.46–002]–036
Introduction
Basal cell carcinoma is predominantly localized in the superficial layers of the skin, without penetrating deeper tissues [1, 4, 6]. Invasion into under-lying structures such as muscles, cartilage, and even bone tissue is extremely rare, but clinically significant [1-3]. Such situations are of particular interest among specialists [4-6], as they demonstrate the tumor's potential for ag-gressive growth under certain conditions - prolonged existence, immunodeficiency states, severe protein-energy malnutrition, or insufficient / inadequate manage-ment [6, 7].Invasion of basal cell carcinoma into the sternum is extremely rare but leads to serious clinical consequences [1, 6, 7]. Such involvement is accompanied by an increased risk of pathological fractures due to the anatomical fea-tures of the bone, pronounced pain syndrome, and vio-lation of chest wall integrity [2-4], causing respiratory function disorders. Additionally, open, "exposed" areas of osteonecrosis and osteolysis [1, 5-7] create favorable conditions for secondary infection, which significantly complicates the disease course.
Вступ.
Базаліома локалізується переважно у поверхневих шарах шкіри і не проникає у глибші тканини. Ураження підлеглих структур, таких, як м’язи, хрящі та навіть кістки, є надзвичайно рідкісними, проте клінічно значимими. Такі ситуації особливо цікавлять фахівців, оскільки демонструють потенціял пухлини до агресивного росту за певних умов. Інвазія базальноклітинного раку в груднину трапляється вкрай рідко, проте призводить до серйозних клінічних наслідків. Таке ураження супроводжується підвищеним ризиком патологічних переломів унаслідок анатомічних особливостей кістки, супроводжується вираженим больовим синдромом, порушенням цілісности грудної клітки, що провокує розлади дихальної функції. Крім цього, відкриті, «оголені» ділянки остеонекрозу і остеолізу створюють сприятливі умови для приєднання вторин-ної інфекції, що значно ускладнює перебіг захворювання.
UDC. 616.314.17-008.1-084:615.015
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to optimize clinical classification, secondary prevention and treatment of complicated stage III and IV of pressure ulcers caused and prolonged or persistent loss of motor activity, arise as a result of injuries or diseases of the spinal cord and brain, severe somatic pathology, accompanied by impaired innervation and tissue trophism which are based on clinical observation and complex strategy in a palliative care unit or department. It is worth emphasizing that in addition to specific preventive measures, it is necessary
to treat any concomitant diseases and syndromes that contribute to the formation of bedsores of various localization, especially in diabetes, occlusive diseases of the arteries, etc., to ensure adequate analgesia and correction of the water-electrolyte balance. In our study, the total sample consisted of 412 patients aged 40-93 years: 174 men and 238 women, who were treated inpatient for 10 years in the palliative care department of the Lviv Regional Medical Association "Clinical Hospital of Planned Treatment, Rehabilitation and Palliative Care" , separate unit "4 hospital" and medical center "Salutas", Lviv, Ukraine. In their work, they used plans for the
care and complex treatment of bedsores according to the TIME and DOMINATE strategies, which included adequate nutritional support, orthopedic decompression of problem areas, remediation of bedsores (including surgical treatment if necessary) with antiseptics. Adequate care and treatment of patients with chronic wounds and,
in particular, pressure ulcers is possible only the DOMINATE strategy, in the presence of colliquative (wet, moist) necrosis or demarcated (limited) dry of areas of necrosis. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the wound process in the formation of purule nt pressure ulcers, the composition of the microflora, which affects the course of healing and requires not only antibiotic therapy but also the use of topical antiseptics, providing appropriate care, monitoring the dynamics of the bedsores wound process and correcting local venous and/or lymphatic stasis, background and comorbid pathology.
Keywords. Complicated stage III and stage IV decubitus ulcers, soft tissue necrosis, purulent-necrotic complication, putrefactive phlegmon, clinical strategy, secondary prevention, complex surgical treatment.