Вплив комплексу біопротекторів на динаміку активності амінотрансфераз у сироватці крові за умов окремої та одночасної дії свинцю і фтору (експериментальні дослідження)

УДК: [612.211:616.216] – 002.2 – 006.5 – 078:57.083.6’175.8;612.017.1

Резюме. Свинець і фтор окремо та одночасно надходять в організм людини з водою, харчовими продуктами, атмосферним повітрям і пору- шують метаболічні процеси у тканині печінки. Послідовне застосування комплексу біопротекторів, що зменшують негативну дію свинцю і фтору, вивчено недостатньо.

Мета роботи – дослідити динаміку змін активності аланінамінотрансфе- рази та аспартатамінотрансферази в сироватці крові лабораторних тварин за умов тривалої окремої та одночасної дії свинцю і фтору без застосуван- ня біопротекторів та під час послідовного додавання пектину, пектину і кальцію та комплексу пектину, кальцію й антиоксидантів до стандартного раціону тварин.

Матеріали та методи. На білих щурах проведено 4 серії досліджень, кожна – за схемою ортогонального планування 22. Водні розчини Pb(NO3)2 і NaF окремо та одночасно вводили у шлунок протягом 30 днів: у І серії – без біопротекторів, у ІІ серії – на фоні пектину, у ІІІ серії – пектину і кальцію, у IV серії – комплексу пектину, кальцію та антиоксидантів – вітамінів С і Е, β-каротину, селену. На 3-тю, 15-ту і 30-ту доби в І і ІІ серіях дослідів та 30-ту добу в ІІІ і IV серіях дослідів у сироватці крові тварин визначили активність аланін- та аспартатамінотрансферази.

Результати. Окрема та одночасна дія свинцю і фтору призводить до підвищення активності аланін- та аспартатамінотрансфераз у сироватці крові. Максимальні зміни спостерігалися наприкінці досліду. Протекторна роль пектину за умов довготривалої дії фтору та одночасної дії свинцю і фтору виявилася недостатньо ефективною. Одночасне вживання кальцію і пектину значно знижувало приріст активності амінотрансфераз, що ха- рактеризує покращання метаболічного і функціонального стану печінки. Комплекс біопротекторів відновив активність ферментів у сироватці крові.

Висновки. Комплекс пектину з кальцієм та антиоксидантами можна вважати оптимальним засобом корекції активності амінотрансфераз у си- роватці крові за умов тривалої окремої та одночасної дії свинцю і фтору на організм.

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Prevention of adverse effects of balneofactors at Truskavets' Spa on gastroenterologic patients through phytoadaptogens and therapeutic physical education: mechanisms of rehabilitation

Background. The impact of the standard balneotherapeutic complex at Truskavets' Spa on physical performance in both rats and resort patients yielded mixed results. Previous research has indicated that the phytoadaptogen “Balm Truskavets” can mitigate the negative effects of Naftussya bioactive water on dynamic muscle performance in healthy rats and patients with post-radiation encephalopathy. This study aims to evaluate the potential of this phytocomposition to prevent unfavorable actotropic effects of Truskavets’ Spa balneofactors on gastroenterologic patients. Material and methods. The study observed 40 former female athletes (aged 30÷76 years, body weight 55÷98 kg) with chronic cholecystitis in remission phase, undergoing rehabilitation at Truskavets' Spa. Parameters including PWC150, adaptation hormone levels, HRV, EEG, immunity, metabolism and gas discharge visualization (GDV) were recorded. Members of the control group received for two weeks standard balneotherapy: drinking of Naftussya bioactive water, application of Ozokerite, baths with mineral water, therapeutic physical education. Members of the main group additionally received a phytoadaptogen. Results. The analysis of individual changes revealed that normal levels of PWC in control group fell to the lower zone of the norm. Phytoadaptogen prevents PWC decrease. This is accompanied by the prevention of both a decrease in power spectral density (PSD) T4-θ EEG and VLF HRV, leukocytes level as well as area and symmetry of GDV, as well as an increase in vagal tone and entropy of HRV as well as a rightward shift in the symmetry of the virtual first Chakra of GDV. In addition, phytoadaptogen reverses balneotherapy-induced moderate decrease in the frequency of α-rhythm, PSD O1-β, sympathetic tone, serum levels of catecholamines, testosterone and IgG, activity of Na,K-ATPase of erythrocyte shadows as well as Energy of the first, third and fourth virtual Chakras. Phytoadaptogen potentiates the reduction of PSD P4-β, IgM and cholesterol as well as initiates the reduction of δ-rhythm variability, PSD of α-rhythm in C3, C4, P4 and Fp2 loci, entropy in F4 locus as well as serum potassium while increasing in serum cortisol and calcitonin, blood B-lymphocytes levels as well as PSD Fp2-δ. Conclusion. The phytoadaptogen "Balm Truskavets'" prevents the adverse effect of the standard balneotherapeutic complex of the Truskavets’ Spa on PWC by, apparently, its neuro-endocrine effects.

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The features of reactions to acute stress of neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, ECG and gastric mucosa in rats with various state of innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia

Background. It is known about wide variety of individual reactions to stress explained by genetics factors. On the other hand, it is also known about aerobic fitness variability between individuals. From the above it follows the hypothesis that inter-individual differences in normal conditions determine the characteristics of the body's response to acute stress. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis. Material and methods. The experiment is at 58 rats (28 males) Wistar line. Animals were tested for resistance to hypoxic hypoxia and aerobic muscular performance by swimming test. On the basis of the received data two qualitatively equivalent groups in a ratio 10/48 were formed. After a week of recovery over the next 10 days, one animal remained intact and 5 other rats were exposed to water-immersion and restraint stress. The next day after stress, the ECG recorded and some endocrine, metabolic and immune parameters determined as well as erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa evaluated. Results. Four clusters by hypoxic and swimming tests were created retrospectively: normal resistance to hypoxia and muscular endurance (n=11); moderately reduced resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=25); drastic increased swimming test and normal hypoxic test (n=3); significantly increased resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=9). Each cluster is characterized by specific (correctness of classification 100%) post-stress changes in 6 neuro-endocrine, 12 immune, 10 metabolic and 2 ECGs parameters, as well as the index of damage to the gastric mucosa. The swimming test determines the post-stress state of the registered parameters by 63,8%, the hypoxic test - by 57,5%, and taken together - by 79,1%. Conclusion. The post-stress neuro-endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters as well as injuries of myocardium and gastric mucosa in rats are determined significantly by innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia.

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Relationships between neuro-endocrine, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosal damage parameters in naїve and stressed rats

The first scientific publication on general adaption syndrome, or as we know today biologic stress has been published in Nature in 1936 by the 29-year old Hans Selye.1 Szabo et al2 in the anniversary review "Stress" is 80 Years Old” conclude that despite the extensive and multidisciplinary research on stress during the last 80 years, a lot of basic and clinical research is needed to better understand the manifestations, central and peripheral molecular regulators of stress response, especially the modes of prevention/management of distress or its transformation into eustress and the treatment of stress-related diseases.

In the vast majority of publications on stress, the HPA-, HPG- and autonomous systems are the objects of research, while the place in the general adaptation syndrome of such important hormones as calcitonin and PTH has been studied only in a few publications. Another methodological shortcoming of most studies is that the subjects of analysis are limited to a single neuro-endocrine system.

Therefore, we set ourselves the goal: to analyze relationships between some adaptation hormones, HRV, calcitonin, and PTH as well as electrocardiogram and gastric mucosal damage in naїve and post stressed rats.

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Probiotic co-supplementation with absorbent smectite for pancreatic beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a secondary- data analysis of a randomized double-blind controlled trials

Introduction: There is growing evidence from animal and clinical studies suggesting probiotics can positively affect type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a previous randomized clinical study, we found that administering a live multistrain probiotic and absorbent smectite once a day for eight weeks to patients with T2D could reduce chronic systemic inflammatory state, insulin resistance, waist circumference and improve the glycemic profile. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting the efficacy of probiotic co-supplementation with absorbent smectite on pancreatic b-cell function in T2D.

Aim: This secondary analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of an alive multistrain probiotic co-supplementation with absorbent smectite vs placebo on b-cell function in T2D patients.

Material and methods: We performed a secondary analysis on a previously published randomized controlled trial (NCT04293731, NCT03614039) involving 46 patients with T2D. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of b-cell dysfunction (%B<60%) and insulin therapy alone or combined with oral anti- diabetic drugs. The primary outcome was assessing b-cell function as change C- peptide and %B.

Results: We observed only a tendency for improving b-cell function (44.22 ± 12.80 vs 55.69 ± 25.75; р=0.094). The effectiveness of the therapy probiotic- smectite group was confirmed by fasting glycemia decreased by 14% (p=0.019), HbA1c – 5% (p=0.007), HOMA-2 – 17% (p=0.003) and increase of insulin sensitivity by 23% (p=0.005). Analysis of the cytokine profile showed that statistical differences after treatment were in the concentration of both pro- inflammatory cytokines: IL-1b (22.83 ± 9.04 vs 19.03 ± 5.57; p=0.045) and TNF-a (31.25 ± 11.32 vs 26.23 ± 10.13; p=0.041).

Conclusion: Adding a live multistrain probiotic and absorbent smectite supplement slightly improved b-cell function and reduced glycemic-related parameters in patients with T2D. This suggests that adjusting the gut microbiota could be a promising treatment for diabetes and warrants further investigation through more extensive studies.

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