Social media platforms are essential for online scholarly activities in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their use is critical in countries of non-mainstream science. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social media in scholarly activities in Eastern Europe. We collected responses from 127 scholars from Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and other Eastern European countries. They mainly reported spending 1–2 hours on social media activities. ResearchGate, Facebook, and LinkedIn were the most popular channels for post-publication article promotion. Only 17.3 % of respondents were familiar with metrics
generated by Altmetric.com and Plum Analytics. Increasing awareness of the role of social media platforms and metrics for scholarly purposes requires more attention in Eastern Europe.

Aim: To determine the frequency of NOD2 gene c.3019-3020insC (rs5743293) and c.2104C>T (rs2066844) allelic variants in the patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), colorectal cancer (CRC) and in the control groups and to study the association of these mutations with the onset time of the diseases, gender and surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: The diagnoses of CD and CRC were established based on standard clinical examination and laboratory tests. Molecular genetic study of a frameshift 3020insC mutations of NOD2 gene were performed in 54 patients with CD; missense R702W mutations of the NOD2 gene — in 41 CD patients and 38 healthy controls. In CRC group, 3020insC mutation was tested in 48 patients, R702W mutation — in 40 patients and 40 healthy controls. PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify the mutations. Results: The frequency of the minor allele (M) of 3020insC mutation of NOD2 gene in the patients with CD was significantly higher than in the control group (р = 0.01). The age at CD onset in females carrying 3020insC mutation was significantly lower (22.5 ± 1.6 years) when compared with females without the mutation (32.7 ± 2.5 years) (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of R702W mutation in the patients with CD in comparison with the controls. The mean age at CD onset in the patients carrying R702W mutation was significantly lower (28.4 ± 1.4 years) compared with the patients without the mutation (39.4 ± 2.8 years) (p < 0.01). Surgical interventions for CD was required in 40.0% of 3020insC mutation carriers. Among patients with CRC, only 4.2% carried 3020insC mutation and 20.0% R702W mutation. Our study suggests that R702W and 3020insC mutations are not associated with the risk of CRC in Ukrainian patients. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age at CRC onset in patients with/without R702W mutation. Only one patient with CRC had two mutations. Conclusion: The earlier age at CD onset was associated with 3020insC mutation, but only in female patients. The association between R702W mutation and the earlier age of CD onset was found. Patients with 3020insC mutation showed a trend to a higher frequency of surgical interventions for CD.
Key Words: 3020insC and R702W mutations of NOD2 gene, Crohn’s disease, colorectal cancer, disease onset, gender, surgical interventions.

UDC 611.441:611-092.4/.9

Дослідження механізму виникнення тироїдної патології у пацієнтів пульмонологічного профілю, у вітчизняній літературі мало висвітлені. З використанням методу лектин-пероксидазної техніки досліджували роль глікому структурних компонентів легень потомства щурів за умов дисфункції щитоподібної залози материнського організму в експерименті. На віддалених етапах розвитку потомства щурів дослідної групи задекларували перерозподіл рецепторів використаних нами лектинів різної вуглеводної специфічності у структурних компонентах бронхіального дерева, повітряно-кров'яного бар'єру, альвеолярних макрофагів, що може викликати зміну їх функціональних властивостей; сповільнювати процеси газообміну, змінювати імунні властивості та бути тригером запуску патологічних процесів у легенях.
Ключові слова: щури, легені, експериментальний гіпертироз, глікополімери, лектини

The study of the mechanism of the occurrence of thyroid pathology in patients with a pulmonological profile is poorly covered in the domestic literature. With the use of the lectin-peroxidase technique, the role of the glycome of the structural components of the lungs of the offspring of rats under conditions of thyroid dysfunction in the maternal organism was studied in the experiment. At long-term stages of development of the offspring of rats of the experimental group, the redistribution of receptors of lectins of various carbohydrate specificity used by us in the structural components of the bronchial tree, the air-blood barrier, and alveolar macrophages was declared. This can cause changes in their functional properties, slow down gas exchange processes, change immune properties, and be a trigger for starting pathological processes in the lungs.
Key words: rats, lungs, experimental hyperthyroidism, glycopolymers, lectins

Aim: To determine the characteristics of the Medical Nutrition of the Polytraumatized Patients in presence of obesity. Materials and Methods: The clinical material is represented by 42 polytraumatized patients hospitalized at the Department of Surgery of the Municipal Non-Profit Organization “8th Municipal Clinical Hospital об Lviv".
Results: The posttraumatic catabolic condition requires the energy balance with the early substitution of protein and hypercaloric nutrition. The patients with obesity in the presence of massive severe injuries not receiving the necessary nutrition within the first days after е trauma may develop the cumulative deficit of calories and proteins that conditions the development of the severest complications related to the repeated infecting, and, consequently, the multiple organ dysfunction. The early enteral nutrition for the injured patients with obesity demonstrated а convincing positive result in the form of the prevention of infectious diseases and, correspondingly, improved the results and period of treatment.
Conclusions: The patients with obesity in the presence of massive severe injuries not receiving the necessary nutrition within the first days after the trauma may develop the cumulative deficit of calories and proteins that conditions the development of the severest complications related to the repeated infecting, and, consequently, the multiple organ dysfunction.