ABSTRACT
Aim: The patterns of qualitative and quantitative changes in the microvascular network in the skin of adult male white rats under of nalbuphine administration.
Materials and Methods: The research employed methods such as vascular bed injection, skin section clearing, and microscopic imaging using an MBI-1 microscope.
Morphometric analysis of the microcirculation vessels was conducted, and statistical processing of the results was performed using specialized software.
Results: The nalbuphine significantly impacted the morphological state of the white rat’s skin after two weeks of administration, with the initial changes
occurring in the blood vessel plexuses. In the injected skin samples, both arterioles and capillaries were dilated, with the diameter of the subpapillary arteriolar
network significantly increasing to 28.62±1.07 μm (control – 22.24±0.73 μm), and the diameter of intrapapillary capillary loops expanding to 6.20±0.11
μm (control – 5.91±0.26 μm). Arterioles exhibited tortuosity. After four weeks, the loops of the vascular plexus lost their delicate, lace-like structure, with
microaneurysms in arterioles and sacculations in venules becoming evident. After six weeks of opioid exposure, significant structural alterations were observed
in the blood vessels of the skin. Capillaries became obliterated, with some destroyed, and this process was accompanied by hemorrhages. The density
of intrapapillary capillary loops decreased significantly to 59.0±2.0 (control – 79.60±2.078), while the trophic activity index increased to 39.490±1.307 μm
(control – 27.172±1.143 μm),
Conclusions: Morphometric analysis of the morphological state of the vascular plexuses in the skin clearly illustrates the relationship between quantitative
and qualitative changes in the structural organization of the microcirculation network under opioid exposure.
KEY WORDS: skin, vessels, morphometry, opioid

UDC 611.7:615.8]:378.1.096

The number of victims with serious injuries in Ukraine is increasing daily, and these are tens of thousands of military personnel and civilians. Most of the injured require long-term treatment and rehabilitation. The first plac among traumatic injuries is occupied by injuries to the limbs and pelvic bones. At the same time, with the increase in the number of victims, the need for medical rehabilitation increases, the clinical facilities and capacities of which in
Ukraine do not meet modern requirements. The available amount of medical literature, scientific articles in professional publications, manuals and educational videos on Internet resources dedicated to the issues of physical therapy and rehabilitation of these patients is also insuficient. Given the challenges of today, martial law in Ukraine, and the large flow of injured people, the training of physical therapists should be supplemented with new approaches, forms, and methods of the educational process, among which a consistent examination of the patient according to the principles of the vital superficial anatomy of the human body, including the lower limb and pelvis, should take an important place. Vital surface anatomy is underrepresented in medical literature, medical textbooks, and books. Some authors use elements of surface anatomy in their works when examining patients, but anatomical terms are used quite arbitrarily, not adhering to international anatomical terminology. A search was conducted on the YouTube platform for available educational videos in Ukrainian for physical therapists and doctors, explaining the technique of manual examination of surface anatomy of the head, neck, trunk, and extremities. This search resulted in the following result: there are no such educational videos. The work presents a detailed descriptive manual examination of surface anatomy of the pelvis and lower limb, based on self-examination and peer examination of students in practical classes. It is proposed to supplement modern domestic textbooks and manuals on anatomy, traumatology and physical therapy with sections on vital surface anatomy, in compliance with modern international anatomical terminology. It is recommended to develop and release a series of educational videos with a sequential examination of various areas of the human body, based on the principles of surface anatomy, and to place them on Ukrainian-language
platforms and channels available to students, including YouTube and university repositories. It has been proven that the method of sequential manual examination of surface anatomy of the lower limb is effective, as it allows to form professional practical skills for physical therapists and doctors who will provide assistance to patients with damaged limbs, including injuries from martaal law in Ukraine.
Key words: surface anatomy, bony landmarks, lower limb, physical therapy and rehabilitation.

UDC 611.842-076.1-08

The diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic, which progresses every year, is usually combined with the obesity epidemic, which is one of the major public health crises facing both developed and developing countries [1, 2]. Of the two major forms of diabetes, type 2 diabetes significantly exceeds type 1 diabetes (DM1) in prevalence and poses a greater challenge to modern health care systems. DM1 is considered an autoimmune disease,possibly caused by a viral infection, with an acute onset that includes insulins and islet cell infiltration, but persists as a chronic disease [3, 4], whereas type 2 diabetes (DM2) is a chronic disease caused by metabolic dysfuncfunction and insulin resistance. Both conditions are characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which are considered major risk factors for the development of common macro- and microvascular complications [5, 6], as well as neurological dysfunction; in additoon, these two conditions can coexist [7, 8].

The effectiveness of methods for diagnosing and treating eyeball angiopathies in diabetes is based on an in-depth and detailed study of the morphological structure of the organ of vision. The results of morphometric research of the choroid of the rat eyeball can serve as a foundation for solving problems in clinical ophthalmology.

Introduction: The widespread introduction of radiation examination methods into cardiology clinics, among which the safest is ultrasound examination of the heart, opens up new prospects for studying the cardiovascular system. When examining patients’ internal organs using ultrasound methods, the doctor sees the reflection of their sections, not the organs themselves. To solve the problems of anatomical-ultrasound comparisons and objectification of data
obtained in the cardiology clinic, it is important to introduce the production of educational anatomical preparations of the heart in an “expanded form” into the curricula of national universities.

УДК 616.211-089.844(05)  

Дія агресивних чинників (механічних, хімічних, термічних, електричних та ін.) спричиняє ушкодження шкіри і в більшості випадків — її дефекти різної глибини та розмірів.

Мета: визначити показання до одноетапної реконструкції дефектів шкіри спинки носа.

Об’єкт і методи дослідження. У Львівському обласному госпіталі ветеранів війни та репресованих імені Юрія Липи протягом 5 років перебували на лікуванні 6 постраждалих з механічними ушкодженнями носа. В умовах перев’язувальної виконано ревізію ран. Дефекти шкіри займали нижню частину спинки і кінчик носа — 2 (33,3%), середню частину спинки і праве крило носа — 3 (50,0%) і в одному випадку — його верхню ⅓. В одному випадку (дефект верхньої ⅓ носа) ухвалено рішення провести одноетапне хірургічне втручання — переміщення клаптя з чола з висіченням трикутників (спосіб Barrow).

Результати. За умови відсутності кістково-хрящових ушкоджень, дефекту шкіри у верхній ⅓ спинки носа з шириною, не більшою за міжбрівний проміжок, виконали одноетапне хірургічне втручання — переміщення клаптя з чола з висіченням трикутників (спосіб Barrow). Шви знімали через 7 днів після операції. Рани загоїлися первинним натягом. Операцією досягнуто бажаного естетичного результату.

Висновок. Дефект м’яких тканин спинки носа підлягає одноетапній реконструкції за Barrow за умови, що він міститься у верхній її ⅓ та ширина дефекту не є більшою за міжбрівний проміжок Посилання: (www.umj.com.ua/uk/publikatsia-267699-odnoetapna-rekonstruktsiya-defektiv-shkiri-spinki-nosa)