The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate micro- and ultrastructural changes of the carotid sinus wall during oral consumption of low doses of monosodium glutamate (MG) and following its withdrawal. Adult male albino rats (n=39) were enrolled into the study. Carotid sinus wall morphology was assessed by light and electron microscopy at the end of week 4 and week 8 of MG oral consumption, as well as 2 weeks after its withdrawal; the results were compared with the control group. After 8 weeks of MG consumption, the wall of the carotid sinus was disorganized, endothelial layer of intima deformed, often without clear margins, the media edematous and dissected with thickened elastic membranes, and the cells of the vascular wall were showing signs of apoptosis while extra fat was present in the adventitia. Upon discontinuation of MG after 4 weeks of its consumption, the structural organization of carotid sinus wall was partially preserved, whereas no compensatory processes were registered after 8 weeks of MG administration followed by 2 weeklong withdrawal. Therefore, 8-week-long lowdose MG consumption resulted in pronounced changes of the micro- and ultra-structure of the carotid sinus wall of albino rats. Discontinuation of MG following 4 weeks of its administration partially improved the morphologic characteristics of the carotid sinus wall within 2 weeks. Withdrawal of MG after 8 weeks of its administration did not result in any improvement of the micro- and ultra-structure of the carotid sinus wall within 2 weeks.

Metabolic physiology plays a key role in maintaining our health and resilience. Metabolic disorders can lead to serious illnesses, including obesity. The pathogenesis of the new long COVID syndrome in individuals with long-term recovery after SARS-Co-2 infection is still incomplete. Thus there is growing attention in the study of adipose tissue activities, especially brown adipose tissue (BAT) and associated resilience which plays a crucial role in diferent types of obesity as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and long COVID. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying BAT has grown rapidly in the last 10 years despite of role of BAT in individuals with COVID-19 and long COVID is modest. Therefore, this review aims to sum up data examining BAT activities, its resilience in health, obesity, and the possible link to long COVID. The search was conducted on studies published in English mostly between 2004 and 2022 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for key terms including adipose tissue, BAT, adipokines, obesity, VPF/VEGF, and pathogenesis. From the initial search through the database were identifed relevant articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria and our data regarding adipose tissues were presented in this review. It will discuss adiposity tissue activities. Current literature suggests that there are BAT integral efects to whitening and browning fat phenomena which refect the homeostatic metabolic adaptive ability for environmental demand or survival/adaptive mechanisms. We also review neural and vascular impacts in BAT that play a role in resilience and obesity. Finally, we discuss the role of BAT in the context of long COVID in basic research and clinical research.

On October 14, 2022, the 6ᵗʰ International Symposium “SMART LION” (Science Medicine Arts Research Translational Lviv International Opportunity Network) was held in Lviv with the support from Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, the Medical Commission of  the Shevchenko Scientific Society, Lviv City Council and Lviv Conference Bureau. It was no coincidence that the time of the conference coincided with the Day of Defenders of Ukraine,  which include military medical professionals and scientists who equip them with knowledge  and skills enabling them to save lives on the battlefield.  The purpose of the symposium was to analyze the new experience of medical professionals  and volunteers of Ukraine and its allies, which they acquired during russia's war against  Ukraine, develop new methods in medical education, and establish close cooperation between military medical professionals, volunteers, and scientists.  The scientific event was held online via ZOOM. It was also streamed on the Facebook page of the journal “Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences”. The event  featured more than 20 speeches by international and domestic scientists and highly qualified specialists. Subsequently, they will serve as a scientific and practical foundation for the development of both military and general medicine. Discussions during the conference clearly showed the need for systemic changes in medical education, supplementing educational programs taking into account the vast experience of military medical professionals, and improving teaching methods. At the end of the symposium, organizers expressed confidence that most of the deliverables  and ideas highlighted during the conference will be successfully implemented. We sincerely thank all defenders and allies of Ukraine, volunteers and medical professionals who save people's lives, sometimes pulling them out of the death grip. With hope for and belief in a bright future, with faith in an upcoming victory and plans to meet again live in Lviv at SMART LION 2023

Травми щелеп з порушенням їх цілісності складають значну частину звернень у клініку щелепно лицевої хірургії [1, 2]. Крім того порожнинні дефекти коміркових ділянок щелепних кісток виникають після видалення зубів, в результаті бойової травми (кульової, осколкової) тощо. Кісткові дефекти щелеп різного об’єму та локалізації ведуть до різних функціональних розладів щелепи і жувального апарату в цілому, часто стають причиною розвитку естетичних порушень, потребують різних підходів до лікування та мають різну тривалість регенерації кісткової тканини [2-4].

Процеси репаративної регенерації дефектів кісткової тканини нижньої щелепи характеризуються певними особливостями, в залежності від ділянки травми, які слід приймати до уваги при виборі методів їх лікування.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a modern method of visualizing the coronary arteries from the lumenal surface of the vessel [1]. The cross-sections of the intracoronary images make possible the measuring of the coronary artery size and assessing the structure of the vessel [2], which is extremely important in the context of cardiovascular diseases.The uniqueness of ultrasound is based on the fact that diferent layers of the coronary artery wall re"ect ultrasound waves diferently, anatomically preconditioned. Therefore, understanding the anatomical aspect of the vessel structure is the key to interpreting the intracoronary images. Even though IVUS is widely used in the leading clinics [3], for the majority, it is a less accessible procedure [4]. Unfortunately, IVUS remains an innovative procedure for much medical sta! and requires further explanation of coronary vessel morphology. The coronary artery size is variable and impacts the coronary stent implantation and optimization of the results of coronary revascularization [5, 6]. To our knowledge, there is no data on the size of coronary arteries ostia among the Ukrainian population using IVUS