The presence of several different autoantibodies (auto-AT) at the same time is a specific peculiarity of the “autoantibody profile” of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). It is known that the induction of auto-AT formation involves both nonspecific and antigen-specific immunoregulatory disorders. In apoptosis, the primary changes in the cell membrane composition or/and the excretion of intracellular compounds into the intercellular milieu lead to an inflammatory reaction. The purpose of the study was to highlight the connection between apoptosis and secondary necrosis of granulocytes and
mononuclear (lymphocytes and monocytes) with inflammation activity in patients with SLE to improve diagnosis and basic therapy efficacy. In patients with SLE, secondary necrosis of granulocytes was 3.4 times higher compared to healthy control. Moreover, the level of apoptotic monocytes was 1.87 times higher, and secondary necrosis of monocytes was 5.58 times higher than healthy control. The secondary necrosis of lymphocytes was higher by 9.0 times than in the case of healthy control. The usage of Apolect technology in patients with SLE allows differentiating various cell types of immunological inflammation with the analysis of the degree of apoptosis and secondary necrosis of immunocompetent cells (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) to determine the agg

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in a nonenzymatic reaction of the reducing sugars with amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids of different tissues and body fluids. A relatively small number of studies have been conducted on the role of AGEs in allergic inflammation. In this study, patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus and the content of fluorescent and nonfluorescent AGEs. We have also determined the level of a unique epitope (AGE10) which was recently identified in human serum using monoclonal antibodies against synthetic melibiose-derived AGE (MAGE). The levels of AGE10 determined with an immunoenzymatic method revealed no significant difference in the patients' blood with intermittent AR and chronic EBV persistence in the active and latent phases. It has been shown that there is a statistically significantly smaller amount of AGEs and pentosidine in groups of patients, both with and without viremia, than in healthy subjects. In turn, higher levels of immune complexes than of AGE10 were detected in the groups of patients, in contrast to the control group, which had lower levels of complexes than AGE10 concentration. In patients with active infection, there is even more complexes than of noncomplexed AGE10 antigen. The lower level of AGE in allergic rhinitis patient sera may also be due, besides complexes, to allergic inflammation continuously activating the cells, which effectively remove glycation products from the body.

Immunosuppressive therapy is complex and challenging to do correctly due to on-target and off-target side effects. However, it is vital to successful allotransplantation. In this article, we analyzed the critical classes of immunosuppressants used in renal transplantation, highlighting the mechanisms of action and typical clinical applications used to develop predictive models for the diagnosis of various diseases, including the prediction of survival after kidney transplantation. In patients, the authors used a dataset with two immunosuppressants (tacrolimus and cyclosporin). The primary task was investigating critical risk factors associated with early transplant rejection. For this, the censored Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method was used. Our study shows a pairwise correlation between taking and not using a particular immunosuppressant. Therefore, the correct choice of immunosuppressive drugs is necessary to improve the prognosis of transplant survival.

У статті розкрито сучасні принципи лікування гострої серцевої недостатності згідно з останніми рекомендаціями Європейського товариства кардіологів 2021 року. Автори детально висвітлюють причини виникнення, класифікації, клінічні, інструментальні, лабораторні методи діагностики, фармакологічні та інструментальні підходи до лікування цього надзвичайно прогностично несприятливого клінічного синдрому. 

The article discloses modern principles of treatment of acute heart failure according to the latest recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology 2021. The authors describe in detail the causes of occurrence, classification, clinical, instrumental, laboratory diagnostic methods, pharmacological and instrumental approaches to the treatment of this extremely prognostically unfavorable clinical syndrome.

Ритми серця, які спостерігаються при раптовій зупинці кровообігу, поділяють на дві групи: дефібриляційні (фібриляція шлуночків — ФШ і шлуночкова тахікардія без пульсу — ШТБП) та недефібриляційні (асистолія та безпульсова електрична активність — БЕА). Принципова різниця в проведенні реанімаційних заходів при цьому полягає в необхідності виконання першочергово дефібриляції в пацієнтів із дефібриляційними ритмами, а при
недефібриляційних ритмах — у введенні адреналіну внутрішньовенно. При цьому компресії грудної клітки, забезпечення прохідності дихальних шляхів і вентиляція, а також виявлення й корекція оборотних причин зупинки серця є однаковими для обох груп. Наступні дії, відповідно до алгоритму розширених реанімаційних заходів, залежать від подальших результатів оцінки серцевого ритму, які необхідно здійснювати кожні дві хвилини.

Heart rhythms observed during sudden cardiac arrest are divided into two groups: defibrillation rhythms (ventricular fibrillation — VF and ventricular tachycardia without a pulse — VTWP) and non-defibrillation rhythms (asystole and pulseless electrical activity — PEA). The fundamental difference in carrying out resuscitation measures for these two groups of heart rhythms is the need to perform defibrillation first in patients with defibrillation rhythms, and in non-defibrillation rhythms — in the introduction of adrenaline intravenously. At the same time, chest compressions, airway patency and ventilation, and detection and correction of reversible causes of cardiac arrest are the same for both groups. The following actions, according to the algorithm of advanced resuscitation measures, depend on the further results of the heart rhythm assessment, which must be carried out every two minutes.