UDC 616.69-008.1-06:616-001.45]-08

Participants in hostilities often face long-term effects of severe injuries, which can markedly impair both quality of life and sexual function.
The objective: to assess the effectiveness of treatment for mixed genesis erectile dysfunction (ED) accompanied by chronic pelvic pain (CPP) or premature ejaculation (PE) in men with combat injury.
Materials and methods. The examination of 60 men aged 20–53, participants in hostilities, with sexual dysfunction was performed. The main complaints were ED accompanied by CPP or PE. According to the form of ED, patients were divided into groups: Group 1 included patients with ED of mixed etiology associated with CPP (n = 32); Group 2 consisted of patients with ED of mixed origin accompanied by PE (n = 28).
Results. It has been demonstrated that lifestyle modification is an effective treatment method for ED, which is accompanied by CPP in men with a combat injury. 62.5% of patients have a significant improvement in erectile function, and 31.2% have a slight improvement. The efficacy of treatment of ED associated with PE is linked to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), confirming the key role of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the modulation of ejaculation. Significant improvement in this group was observed in 53.6% of patients, and insignificant in 39.3%.
Conclusions. The most effective method of treatment is lifestyle modification for patients injured as a result of hostilities, with ED of mixed genesis, accompanied by the leading syndrome of CPP. This group demonstrated an improvement in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 score from 13.5 ± 2.3 to 21.6 ± 2.1 (p < 0.05). Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of ejaculation in patients with ED and coexisting PE, as treatment with SRIs prolongs intravaginal ejaculatory latency. This group also demonstrated an improvement in IIEF-5 score from 13.8 ± 2.1 to 22.0 ± 1.9 (p < 0.05).
Keywords: erectile dysfunction, combatants, combat trauma, chronic pelvic pain, premature ejaculation, treatment.

UDC: 612.015.1:616.65:616-007.61

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is mostly prevalent in older men, is associated with compression of the prostatic urethra and manifests as lower urinary tract symptoms. Its pathological characteristics include abnormal proliferation of stromal and glandular epithelial cells, leading to prostate enlargement. Current data highlight additional factors in the pathogenesis of this disease, notably oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Materials and Methods. Prostate tissue was obtained from 35 patients aged 58–72 years via transurethral resection. Prostate tissue from three patient groups was utilized. Group 1 consisted of patients with BPH (n = 7) weighing up to 40 grams (control group); Group 2 included patients with BPH (n = 14) weighing 45–98 grams; Group 3 comprised patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic inflammation (adenoprostatitis) weighing 45–98 grams (n = 14). The levels of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione, as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were determined in the tissues.
Results. In large-scale prostate hyperplasia and prostate hyperplasia associated with prostatitis, lipid peroxidation processes escalate in prostate cells, as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde concentration. The elevation in lipid peroxidation levels is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, alongside a reduction in the concentration of reduced glutathione. The balance within the pro-/antioxidant system is more significantly disrupted in cases of prostate hyperplasia associated with prostatitis.
Conclusion. In large-scale prostate hyperplasia and hyperplasia associated with histologically confirmed prostatitis, lipid peroxidation processes intensify within the cells, which is confirmed by rising levels of malondialdehyde. The increase in lipid peroxidation is accompanied by a decline in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, as well as a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione. In prostate hyperplasia accompanied by adenoprostatitis, the balance in the pro-/antioxidant system is disrupted to a greater extent.

The molecular and stromal mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of prostate hyperplasia as a metabolic disorder are not yet fully understood, but it is believed that the etiology of hyperplasia is influenced by a number of factors, including aging, hormonal changes, metabolic syndrome, dietary factors, inflammation, oxidative stress, and, more recently, suppression of apo p tosis in prostate tissue. A number of studies emphasize the disruption of pro/antioxidant status in the development of prostate hyperplasia. The aim of the research is to study the activity and kinetic characteristics of glutathione-S-transferase (GsT) in pro s tate biopsies from patients with benign hyperplasia and hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis. The prostate tissue (biopsies) from two groups of patients were used. Group 1 consisted of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 14); group 2 consisted of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis (n = 14). It was shown that GsT activity in the soluble fraction of prostate biopsies from patients with benign hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis was 1.60 times higher than in patients without chronic prostatitis. It was found that the kinetics of the GsT reaction is consistent with the patterns of a zero-order reaction in the range of 0–3 min: in this time interval, the dependence graph of the product formation on the incubation period was practically linear. It was shown that the value of V 0 in patients with prostatic hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis wa s almost twice as high as that in patients without chronic prostatitis. Over the entire range of GSH concentrations, enzyme activity in samples from patients with inflammation was higher than in patients without chronic prostatitis. Similar changes were also observed with an increase in the concentration of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the incubation medium at a constant GSH concentrations. Calculation of the kinetic parameters of GsT activity shows that the maximum reaction rate of accumulation of the optically active dinitrobenzene conjugate, determined by GSH, was 1.44 times higher in patients with chronic prostatitis compared to the first group. The affinity constant for GSH in this group of patients was 2.28 times higher compared to patients without chronic prostatitis. When interpre t ing the obtained kinetic parameters determined by GSH, it is shown that GsT activity in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia without chronic prostatitis is reduced both due to a decrease in the enzyme reaction rate (V max decreases) and due to a increase in the enzyme's affinity for GSH (KGSH decreases).

The effectiveness of texture-feature estimation by two popular image-analysis tools – the MaZda application and the PyRadiomics package was compared in the article. The study used images acquired with five imaging methods: X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and dermatoscopic imaging. Feature vectors generated for each modality were used to build classification models (LR, SVM, MLP, RF, ET) aimed at identifying specific disease entities. The results obtained clearly indicate the higher effectiveness of the MaZda application.