Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine pose new challenges for the state, society, and all areas of operation, including higher education and healthcare systems.

Aim. The aim of this research was to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law on the socio-psychological aspects of the activities of physicians(pharmacists)-specialists and the opinion of physicians(pharmacists)-specialists on the quality of postgraduate education, namely, ATC (advanced training courses) at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University.

Methods. The study uses the sociological method, methods of the systemic approach, structural-logical and medical-statistical analysis.

Results. The study was conducted in 2024. The healthcare reform in Ukraine contributed to the increase in the satisfaction of medical workers with the nature of work, working conditions, workplace, and especially the remuneration system – from 32.20±1.63% to 69.56±2.12%.

According to respondents, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a deterioration in the nature of work, the remuneration system, the work regime and its conditions, and at the same time, improved information in the industry, the workplace, financing and increased levels of provision of medical institutions.

According to the study results, the war’s impact caused a deterioration in the nature of work, conditions, regime, labor organization and remuneration system.

The improvement in the quality of postgraduate education is evidenced by the increase in the level of student satisfaction with the level of theoretical knowledge obtained and practical skills acquired.

Conclusions. Difficult working conditions caused by emergencies are not obstacles but new challenges in improving the quality of higher medical education in general and postgraduate education in particular.

Вступ. Через пандемію COVID-19 та війну в Україні постали нові виклики перед державою, суспільством та в усіх сферах діяльності, зокрема і в системі вищої освіти та охорони здоров’я.

Мета. Метою цього дослідження було вивчення впливу пандемії COVID-19 та воєнного стану на соціально-психологічні аспекти діяльності лікарів (провізорів)-спеціалістів та на їхню думку щодо якості післядипломної освіти, а саме – курсів підвищення кваліфікації (КПК) у Львівському медичному університеті (ЛНМУ) імені Данила Галицького.

Методи. У роботі застосовано соціологічний метод, методи системного підходу, структурно-логічного та медико-статистичного аналізу.

Результати. Дослідження було проведене у 2024 році. Реформа охорони здоров’я в Україні сприяла зростанню задоволеності медичних працівників характером роботи, умовами праці, робочим місцем, а найбільше – системою оплати праці – (32.20±1.63 % – 69.56±2.12 %).

Вплив пандемії COVID-19, на думку респондентів, зумовив погіршення характеру роботи, системи оплати праці, режиму праці та її умов, і водночас вплинув на поліпшення стану інформації у галузі, робочих місць, фінансування та зростання рівнів забезпечення медичних закладів.

Вплив війни, за результатами дослідження, також спричинив погіршення характеру роботи, умов, режиму, організації та системи оплати праці.

Про підвищення рівня якості післядипломної освіти свідчать зростання задоволеності слухачів рівнем отриманих теоретичних знань та набутих практичних навичок.

Висновки. Важкі умови праці, спричинені надзвичайними станами, стають не перешкодою, а новими викликами в процесі підвищення рівня якості вищої медичної освіти загалом та післядипломної освіти зокрема.

The technology of tracking eye movements, known as oculography, has become an incredibly innovative research tool, gaining increasing popularity in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience. This article presents an assessment of the ability to differentiate and interpret visual stimuli in a group of children, both healthy and with diagnosed developmental issues such as Asperger's syndrome. Dedicated computer games, operated using an eye tracker, were utilized for the study. During the research, eye tracking technology was utilized, enabling real-time measurement of eye movements. This technology employs a specialized device called an eye tracker, which consists of an integrated camera recording infrared radiation and emitting it towards the child being examined. The eye tracker records the reflection of radiation from the eye's fundus, allowing precise measurement of eye movements, pupil position, and duration of observation. This facilitated tracking of gaze during interactions with various stimuli such as images, text, or game animations. This method ensured accurate and non-invasive recording of children's visual reactions during interactions with dedicated computer games. The assessment of visual perception in each child was conducted using behavioral paradigms, including tasks involving gaze tracking, concentration, and memorization of moving or stationary objects. To successfully achieve the objectives of the study, data analysis, extraction, and feature selection were performed on the obtained behavioral paradigms. This analysis was based on oculographic data such as saccades, fixations, and pupillometric data. Studies employing oculography among both healthy children and those with autism spectrum disorders. The analysis of gaze and fixation values indicated significant visual preferences and reactions to stimuli present in the examined games, allowing for a better understanding of cognitive processes and the child's interaction with visual content. Observed differences in parameter values, such as saccade duration and the number of outliers, suggest varying levels of visual skills and visual reactions among the studied children. The existence of differences among individual children in their ability to react quickly and focus during interactions with computer games may have significant implications for the design of user interfaces and digital content accessible to this age group. Furthermore, the research results may have practical applications in tailoring intervention strategies and supporting perceptual development in children.

The objective of this study was to assess the consumption of antibiotics in children using the «AWaRe» classification of antibiotics (WHO, 2017) and metrics such as days of therapy (DoT) and length of therapy (LoT) per 1000 patientdays (PD). Antibiotics were administrated to 91.1% of inpatients in 2019 and 68.2% in 2021 (p<0.05). The main reason for antibiotic prescription was acute bronchitis in both study periods. Total DoT/1000 PD increased from 717.0 in 2019 to 760.0 in 2021 (p<0.05), and total LoT/1000 PD from 679.0 to 717.4 (p<0.05). Administration of antibiotics from the Access group decreased from 2.1% in 2019 to 1.8% in 2021 (p>0.05), antibiotics from the Watch group increased from 90.7% to 97.3% (p>0.05). Although a statistically significant reduction in the antimicrobial prescription rate, we found a considerable increase in (1) prescription antibiotics with a high risk of antimicrobial resistance, and (2) the main units of antimicrobial consumption.

UDC 615.03:615.276

The aim. To assess pharmacotherapy of hospitalised patients with coronary heart disease in Ukraine, identify the types of drug-related problems, and recommend interventions to improve the management of cardiac inpatients.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 25 medical records of inpatients with coronary heart disease complicated by heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. Methods applied: systematisation, generalisation, comparison, clinical and pharmaceutical approach. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS Trial.

Results. A comprehensive retrospective study was conducted to assess the management of cardiovascular diseases. In total, 25 patients were prescribed 62 drugs. It was established that 53.5 % of medicines were "Agents affecting the cardiovascular system"; out of them, 26.9 % were "other cardiac drugs" (C01E) used for enhancing cardiac energy metabolism. The study identified 597 drug-related problems (DRPs) (23.9±12.6 DRPs per patient) with the drug-drug interactions prevalence (62.6 %). Other common groups of DRPs were: (1) no indications for drug administration (8.5 %), and (2) despite indications, the drug was not prescribed (8.2 %). 99 DRPs (16.6 %; 95 % CI:13.7-19.8 %) were associated with "other cardiac drugs". They included 4 types of DRPs: (1) no indications for drug administration (33.3 %); (2) insufficient duration of the treatment (31.3 %); (3) drug-drug interactions (22.3 %); and (4) insufficient dosage or frequency of use (13.1 %).

Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the treatment of cardiac inpatients is associated with numerous DRPs. Thus, we formed a list of recommendations to improve the management of cardiovascular diseases in hospitalised patients

UDC: 615.276:547.789:542.91

Aim. Based of the Knoevenagel condensation reaction the synthesis of new rhodanine-indoline hybrid molecules for screening antibacterial and antifungal activities was accomplished. Methods. Organic synthesis, NMR spectroscopy, pharmacological screening. Results. The reaction between rhodanine-3-propanoic/ethanesulfonic acids and indolecarbaldehydes in the acetic acid provided series of 5-indolylmethylenerhodanine-3-carboxylic/sulfonic acid derivatives. Based on the esterification reaction with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid, 5-indolylmethylenerhodanine-3-propanic acid was transformed into appropriate ester for further evaluation of antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity screening allowed the identification of compounds with significant effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus lentus and Candida albicans with MIC/MBC/MFC values in the range of 25-50 μg/mL.
Conclusions. The synthesized 5-indolylmethylenerhodanine-3-carboxylic/sulfonic acid derivatives are a convenient platform for the development of new highly active and low-toxic agents as potential drug-like molecules with antimicrobial activity.
K e y w o r d s: synthesis, 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone, indolecarbaldehydes, spectral data, antimicrobial activity.