UDC: 616.24-002.5:615.015.8]-022.16-085.281-039.71-053.2/.

Summary. 
120 exposed children/adolescents (75 children and 45 adolescents) from the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis sites underwent the complex clinical radiological and immunological examination. Insignificant functional disorders of cellular response (immunoregulatory processes) caused by the prevalence of suppressor and cytotoxic reactions by 1.3 times and by the prevalence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the regulatory 
system (2.0 times above the norm, TNF-α/IL 10.0. р<0.01) were revealed in the infected children/adolescents from the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis sites, while their СD3+. СD3+СD4+. СD3+СD8+ were within norm. The evident disorders of the regulatory system and cell immune system were eliminated after the completion of the autumn-spring BI-V course. The non-specific immune regulator BI-V is efficient for the prevention of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis for the exposed children/adolescents from the multi-drug tuberculosis sites. Consequently, the latent TB infection grew into the active form by 2.8 times less often in the children that took BI-V as compared to the infected children who did not take the drug.
Key words: BIVEL immunomodulator, pulmonary tuberculosis in children, cellular immunity, tuberculosis.

 In the article, the authors analyze the problem of using modern innovative nanotechnologies in dentistry. Currently, nanotechnology is used in treatment, prosthetics, preventive care of the oral cavity and teeth. Based on this, the use of nanotechnology in dentistry has a number of
advantages compared to the traditional materials used, as they are more effective, affordable, structured, meet all modern parameters, and have high quality. Despite the widespread use of nanotechnology, in some cases, they may carry certain risks. Nanomaterials have higher activity, high permeability through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. But the impact of nanoparticles on the body remains unexplored. In addition to safety problems of nanomaterials, their production is associated with a number of other problems: engineering, biological, and social. Specialists think about new ways to solve currentprofessional problems. Time will tell how successful the process of integrating narrowprofile research into practical activity will be. The development of new and implementation of existing nanotechnology medical technologies is a promising direction of the development of modern dentistry.
Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, dentistry, medicine. 

УДК 616.24:612.1]-06

Leptin, a hormone produced by white adipose tissue and recognised as an inflammatory biomarker, has an undefined role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective — to evaluate the leptin level and its correlations with the levels of clinical, functional and anamnestic indicators in COPD patients.
Materials and methods. This study employed a case-control design involving 42 patients experiencing acute exacerbation of COPD and 20 control subjects. The patients were examined according to the standard protocol. Additionally, the examination included ultrasonic scanning of the abdominal cavity, evaluation of the serum leptin level, scoring of the anxiety and depression and quality of life.
Results and discussion. It was revealed that hyperleptinemia in the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD occurred significantly more frequently than in the healthy persons ((73.8 ± 6.8) vs (40.0 ± 11.0) %; р < 0.05). Besides, the COPD patients manifested increased leptin levels much more frequently than normal levels ((73.8 ± 6.8) vs (26.2 ± 6.8) %; р < 0.01). Hyperleptinemia was found to co-occur with severe COPD 
cases belonging to E clinical group ((51.6 ± 9.0) vs (18.2 ± 11.6) % in group with normal leptin level; р < 0.05). Kendall correlation analysis established that elevated circulating leptin levels were associated with an increased body mass index ( = 0.3; р = 0.02), female gender ( = 0.3; р = 0.01), non-smoking history ( = – 0.2; р = 0.03), stronger manifestation of such symptoms as shortness of breath ( = 0.3; р=0.01), disturbed home ( = 0.3; р = 0.002) and out-of-home activities ( = 0.3; р = 0.02) and lack of energy ( = 0.3; р = 0.01). It also correlated with increased severity of pulmonary insufficiency ( = 0.3; р = 0.003) and decreased forced vital capacity (= – 0.2; р = 0.04), elevated systolic blood pressure ( = 0.2; р = 0.02), elevated cholesterol ( = 0.3; р = 0.01) and -lipoproteins levels ( = 0.2; р = 0.04), pronounced depression ( = 0.3; р = 0.002) and lowered quality of life ( = 0.3; р = 0.01).
Сonclusions. COPD patients with elevated leptin levels manifest not only with an increased body weight, but also with arterial hypertension, disturbed lipid metabolism, more pronounced pulmonary insufficiency, depressive disorders and lowered life quality with more severe subjective respiratory symptoms.
Keywords. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leptin, hyperleptinemia