Pharmaceutical education plays an important role for the education and health care system of the country and the world, because errors related to the action of medicines can sometimes be fatal. Pharmaceutical education programs are regulated at the legislative level and require constant improvement to solve problems of modern society. Our research is aimed at determining the main principles of modern pharmacological education in Ukraine and Europe. According to the literature, a paradigm shift in the training of pharmacists from a production direction to a patient-oriented model has been determined. In accordance with this paradigm, the competencies and skills that must be mastered while studying in pharmaceutical schools have been formed such as: flexibility, communication, analytical and critical thinking, ethics, the ability to learn quickly, etc. In order to achieve competitive competencies, educational programs should be student-oriented, teachers should be creative and highly qualified, and educational institutions should be provided with a sufficient level of material and technical support.

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Data analysis of numerous studies was carried out and trends and directions in the management of patients 
with сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were analysed. Studying the characteristics of factors 
contributing to disease development без коми allows us to understand that the smoking epidemic, the aging of 
the world population and the lack of disease-modifying therapy will lead to a further increase in mortality from 
COPD. Each COPD exacerbation increases both the risk and frequency of subsequent exacerbations, and the 
development of local or systemic changes and complications has also been established. Not only severe but also 
moderate COPD exacerbations (those that do not require hospitalization and could be treated on an outpatient 
basis) also increased the risk of subsequent exacerbations and death. The degree of increase in risk was propor-
tional to the number of exacerbations per year. Thus, two moderate exacerbations per year increased the risk of 
death by 80 % (hazard ratio — 1.80 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.19—2.70)), while increased frequency of 
exacerbations to 5 increased the hazard ratio to 2.33 (95 % CI: 1.45—3.76).
The effectiveness of the treatment of patients with COPD and the dependence of the latter on various factors 
were evaluated. Based on the received data, the specialists have concluded that the presence of one severe or 
two or more moderate COPD exacerbations during one year indicates a high risk of exacerbations in the future 
and is associated with an increased risk of premature death. Therefore, a high-risk group patient requires special 
attention when choosing the tactics of his management. This is reflected both in international and national 
consensus documents. A single-inhaler triple therapy (specifically a fixed combination of budesonide/glycopyr-
ronium/formoterol), administered within the first 30 days after an exacerbation, is currently the only pharma-
cotherapeutic option that has been proven to reduce mortality in COPD patients.
Keywords 
Сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease, modifying factors of exacerbations, effective three-component therapy, 
mortality prevention.

Objective: Aim: To clarify the association between different types of uterine contractility dysfunction and the inflammation of the uterus and chorioamniotic membranes.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The association between the inflammation of the uterine layers, chorioamniotic membranes, umbilical cord, and different types of labor activity abnormalities was examined in 382 patients with singleton pregnancies at 28-42 weeks' gestation who underwent Caesarean section (CS) for abnormal uterine contractions and other complications. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U, Chi-squared test, and logistic regression.

Results: Results: In the control group, slight infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and macrophages of the myometrium and decidua of the lower uterine segment at term pregnancy was found in 59.7% and 73.6% of cases. The main clinical risk factors for placental and decidual membrane inflammation in patients with excessive uterine activity (EUA) were prematurity, multiparity, group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization, and duration of ruptured fetal membranes before the CS. Moderate or marked myometrial inflammation of both uterine segments in the EUA group was diagnosed only in patients with cervical dilation of >6 cm and duration of labor of >8h. In women with hypotonic uterine activity (HUA), decidual and myometrial inflammation was significantly associated with nulliparity and intrapartum factors, such as protracted active first stage of labor, advanced cervical dilation, and number of vaginal examinations. In all cases, inflammation of the myometrium was accompanied by deciduitis.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Mild inflammation of the decidual membrane and myometrium of the lower segment at term pregnancy is a common physiological phenomenon contributing to labor initiation. Uterine hyperfunction comes as the response of the unaffected myometrium to the release of high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines produced by the inflamed decidual and chorioamniotic membranes into the bloodstream. Marked myometrial inflammation that occurs in prolonged labor is an additional factor aggravating the hypotonic uterine activity.

Hyperthyroidism is a state of thyroid hormone excess, which increases the metabolic rate and causes symptoms including anxiety and tremor. Graves’ disease is the most common etiology in developed countries. Excessive levels of thyroid hormones can impact mood, energy levels, and overall well-being. It is crucial to differentiate between symptoms related to thyroid function and clinical depression. The purpose of the study was to investigate the neurological and psycho-emotional manifestations of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. 

Materials and methods. An examination of 50 pregnant women with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism and 20 healthy women (control group) in the second trimester of pregnancy using the method of standardized multivariate personality study was carried out. 

Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis have changes in the psycho-emotional sphere: psychological maladaptation to the disease, an increase in the level of anxiety with hypochondriac tendencies, neuroticism, a decrease in intellectual performance and activity, a pronounced feeling of depression, anxiety, low mood. The identified criteria allow us to attribute these changes to the personality pattern or to the manifestations of a pathological neurotic state in conditions of mal­adaptation. The specific condition and behavior of pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis requires timely diagnosis and appropriate correction, which will contribute to the normalization and improvement of the psychological state, prevent the development of chronic stress and the occurrence of perinatal complications. Conclusions. Pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis have changes in the psycho-emotional sphere: psychological maladaptation to the disease, an increase in the level of anxiety with hypochondriac tendencies, neuroticism, a decrease in intellectual performance and activity, a pronounced feeling of depression and anxiety.

Currently, there is no consensus among experts regarding the causes of gynaecological diseases. It is hypothesized that various environmentales factors, such as an unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, overeating, and lack of physical activity), may influence the development of gynaecological diseases. Therefore, the aim of the work will be to investigate the genetic aspects of gynecological diseases, from diagnostic methods to treatment. However, the hypothesis of genetic origin is considered particularly important in the etiopathogenesis of gynecological diseases. The main strategies for identifying and treating women's health ailments with a genetic component have been examined. Although numerous studies have been conducted, the regulation of the reproductive system and the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent pathologies are still not fully understood. These problems are complex and relevant in both the scientific sphere and practical medicine. In gynecological practice, the most frequent conditions among women of reproductive age are fibroids, adenomyosis, and ovarian cysts. These conditions often require radical surgery. Recently, there has been a trend of younger patients experiencing disruptions in their reproductive function, often resulting in infertility ranging from 30-80 %. The clinical presentation of the disease is severe, with prolonged and heavy bleeding, complications, and progressive pain. This can lead to a loss of work capacity and psychoemotional disorders. Therefore, this issue is extremely relevant. At the time of examination, the duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 10 years. Patients reported complaints of heavy or prolonged menstruation, menstrual cycle disturbances, lower abdominal pain, and infertility. The clinical picture and patients' complaints indicate a genetic association with the disease.