У статті розглянуто роль цифрової компетентності, як однієї з восьми ключових життєвих навичок, визначених Європейською комісією на етапі самовдосконалення фахівця шляхом навчання впродовж життя, набуття та володіння компетенціями для навчання. Проведений аналіз поняття «компетентності» як «здатності» чи ефективності використання теоретичних знань у діяльності, прояв високого рівня професійної майстерності, майстерності та таланту; знання, навички, здібності та поведінка, які сприяють індивідуальній і організаційній ефективності. Зазначено необхідність розвитку таких компетентностей як цифрової, комунікаційної та професійної, особливо в змінних умовах навчального процесу. Викладач в умовах сьогодення завдяки окреслених компетентностей змушений оперативно переходити від онлайн навчання до офлайн навчання чи змішаної форми навчання. Визначено складові цифрової компетентності: інформаційна грамотність, комунікаційна складова, безпекова складова, вміння створювати цифровий контент. Ефективна взаємодія викладача зі студентами можлива завдяки комунікаційній компетентності. В умовах дистанційного навчання посилюється взаємовплив цифрової та комунікаційної компетентностей. Звернено увагу на поняття «професійної компетентності» викладача. Зазначено зміст професійної компетентності, який, окрім діяльнісного аспекту, включає певні характеристики особистості. Окреслено роль професійної компетентності для постійного збагачення фахових знань, дізнавання нової інформації за допомогою цифрових технологій, вміння її опрацьовувати та застосовувати у своїй діяльності, вміння складати план дій у нестандартних ситуаціях за наявності суперечливої інформації. У результаті робиться висновок, що розвиток та вдосконалення професійної та комунікаційної компетентностей є нерозривним із розвитком цифрової компетентності, оскільки кожна з описаних компетентностей взаємодоповнює та підсилює дію одна одної

UDC 577.346

 COVID-19 infection, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy cause similar changes in the placenta and influence development of the fetus between conception and birth in gestation. Proper uterine and placental vascularization is essential for normal fetal development. The transplacental exchange is regulated and maintained by the placental endothelium. During placental implantation, the trophoblast differentiates into two distinct layers, the inner cytotrophoblast and outer syncytiotrophoblast, which are key elements of the human placental barrier. Proinflammatory cytokines exacerbate ischemic events and create an upward spiral of an inflammatory reaction in the placenta. Placental pathology in gestational COVID-19 shows desquamation and damage of trophoblast and chronic histiocytic intervillositis. Similar lesions also occur in gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Common ground: The systemic inflammatory response of the mother, the increased inflammation in the placenta and cytokine production by placental trophoblasts should be monitored throughout pregnancy. Placental angiogenesis can be evaluated by serum vascular endothelial growth factor, Annexin A2, placental growth factor or sclerostin. Tissue damage can be assessed by measuring levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase. Blood flow can be monitored with three-dimensional Doppler and pathological changes can be documented with paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and electron microscope images as well as immunohistochemistry tests for vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, sclerostin and Annexin A2. Opinion: The damage of maternal and fetal vascular perfusion (villitis and fibrin deposition) is a common mechanism of gestational diseases. The placenta lesions liberate anti-endothelial factors that lead to anti-angiogenic conditions and are the common mechanism of maternal placental vascular malperfusion in gestational diseases. 

UDC 582.232:547.977:581.132:543.42

The physicochemical characteristics of phycocyanin extracted from cyanobacteria collected in Kaunas Lagoon were studied (spectrum characteristics, C-PC content in the dry mass and chemical purity). It was determined that the tested concentrations of C-PC in purified water should be in the range of 0.02–0.16% for measuring C-PC content in the dry mass and its spectrum characteristics. The two clear absorption maxima were detected in the spectrum of C-PC at the wavelengths of 277 and 619 nm. The content of C-PC in the dry powder form was in the range of 7.25% to 9.30% depending on its concentration in the solution and type of spectrophotometer. Furthermore, a purity factor of 1.5 was calculated, which indicated the food qualification of the obtained biomass of C-PC. Finally, the analytical procedure for studying the pro- and anti-oxidant activity of C-PC was developed and the antioxidant activity of C-PC was measured for the available markers. It was revealed that C-PC has dual properties (pro- and anti-oxidant ones) depending on its concentration,
more exactly, its content in reaction mixtures with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPP H). The following issues were resolved during the research: the concentration of ethanol in the DPP H solution was chosen in order to avoid precipitation of proteins in the reaction mixtures (50%); the ratio of the solution of C-PC to the DPPH solution was selected; the selected concentrations of the markers for the construction of their calibration curves were chosen for quercetin and for rutin. The antioxidant activity of the obtained C-PC sample was determined

Abstract  

Background. The article deals with the effect of physical therapy on students with vertebral artery functional compression syndrome. Constant stable flexion of the cervical spine is one of the functional factors that can cause deformation of the vertebral arteries and, as a consequence, to reduce blood flow through these arteries

The purpose of the research is to define the effect of physical therapy on vertebral artery functional compression syndrome caused by a violation of biomechanics in the cervical spine.

Material and methods. The research involved 24 students aged 18 to 23 years old. The research used the following methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of reference sources on the topic of scientific research, clinical evaluation of vegetative disorders with a questionnaire for determining signs of vegetative changes by O. M. Vein, comprehensive ultrasound examination of the head and neck blood vessels, goniometry of the cervical spine and mathematical statistics.

Results. Physical therapy helped to restore the volume of active movements in the cervical spine (p<0.05). The disappearance of the main symptoms was noted by an average of 74% of respondents, and the rest noted their decreased character. Peak systolic blood flow velocity in the vertebral arteries when performing functional tests increased (p <0.05).

Discussion. The positive results were achieved, probably due to the normalization of anatomical and functional interconnections in the cervical spine, stimulation of its reparative capabilities via manual therapy, namely post-isometric muscle relaxation.

Conclusions. The research results show that the use of physical therapy for patients with vertebral artery functional compression syndrome helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of the disease, restore proper spinal biomechanics and improve blood flow in vertebral arteries.

Key words: physical therapy, vertebral artery functional compression syndrome, post-isometric muscle relaxation, biomechanics of the cervical spine, goniometry of the cervical spine, ultrasound examination of the vertebral arteries.  

УДК 534.05:616-008.842/.848

The ever-increasing harmful effect of endo- (products of inflammatory processes of genital tissues) and exogenous factors (environmental conditions) on the body of women and animals (cows) leads to a substantial decrease in ova fertilisation during mating and artificial insemination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify changes in the signs of physical condition (colour, consistency, fluidity, impurities, etc.) and ratios (homeostasis) of H2O mass, organic (OS) and inorganic (IS) substances of uterine-vaginal mucus (UVM) should be used to assess their harmful effect on the fertilisation of cows after their first insemination. The following methods were used for this study: ocular estimate of the physical condition of freshly obtained mucus; gravimetric assessment of the features of changed mass parameters of its dry residue (DR) components; mathematical and statistical analysis of certain indicators. Determined by the gravimetric method, the features of the imbalance of mass (g, mg), its distribution (%) and ratios (Im:1, Ic:1) in the system of the “medium — substance” type due to the harmful effects of endogenous factors (products of inflammatory processes) indicate that the secretions of the genitals released during oestrus are characterised not only by changes in signs, but also ±2-4 times different from the norm (control) indicators of the mass of components. Under such circumstances, the distribution of substances in the DR samples of the experimental group is expressed by the series, where the mass OS1˃IS˃OS2, but in the control group — OS1˃IS˃OS2. This means that the products of inflammatory processes released by the genitals of cows change the norm of homeostasis of the mass (distribution of components) of OS and IS of the biological system of the “medium — substance” type. Indicators of the obtained mass ratios between component pairs H2O: DR; H2O: OS2, H2O: OS1,H2O: IS (control group — 63:1, 586:1, 231:1, 109:1; experiment group — 42:1, 310:1, 87:1, 112:1), except for the H2O: IS pair (P˂0.05), indicate the presence of probable changes in the homeostasis of OS and IS in the “H2O — components” system. The high probability (P˂0.02; ˂0.001) of the detected changes is inherent in the “DR –components” system, namely: if the average ratio indicators of pairs DR: OS2; DR: OS1; DR: IS samples of the control group are 9:1, 4:1, 2:1, then the same indicators in the experimental group are 7:1, 3:1, 2:1, respectively