Introduction. One of the most prognostic complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which leads to blindness and disability in the working population. There are currently data on the role of dyslipidemia in the pathogenesis of DR. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms that may explain the relationship between the main indicators of lipid metabolism and the development of DR remain to be fully understood.

The purpose of the study: To investigate the features of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 130 patients with DR (70 patients who are insulin-dependent in group 1 and 60 non-insulin-dependent patients - in group 2). The average age of patients ranged from 20 to 55 years. The obtained laboratory parameters were compared with the control group, which included 30 healthy individuals. All patients underwent fasting venous blood collection in BD Vacutainer double coagulation activator tubes and K2-EDTA anticoagulant tubes. In all subjects, serum lipid metabolism was determined - total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherogenicity index. Parametric data are presented as M ± m, because the distribution of data in the groups was normal, pairwise a posteriori comparison of groups was performed using the Newman-Keuls test using the software package STATISTICA 6.0 (StatSoft, USA).

Results. It is established that in patients with DR there is an imbalance in lipid metabolism. Patients in group 1 had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (3.23 ± 0.2 mmol / l), total cholesterol (6.47 ± 0.43 mmol / l), LDL (3.16 ± 0.15 mmol / l) and atherogenic index (3.13 ± 0.1 um.od) compared with the control group. The same vector of changes in the second group of examined patients, but the content of triglycerides (1.61 ± 0.1 mmol / l) is at the level of the control group. In both groups, the HDL content did not differ from the control value and was 1.61 ± 0.1 mmol / l and 1.46 ± 0.08 mmol / l, respectively.

The mathematical model of the infectious disease modified to take into account the impect of diffuse perturbations on the infectious disease dynamics under conditions of a temperature reaction of the body. The solution of a singularly perturbed model problem with a delay is reduced to a sequence of solutions of problems without delay, for which the sought functions are obtained in the asymptotic expansions form as perturbations of solutions of the corresponding degenerate problems. Using computer simulations, we present results that show influences of diffusion “redistributions” on infection disease dynamics in the conditions of temperature reaction of organism. They illustrate that decrease of model antigen concentrations in the infection locus to a non-critical level caused by diffusion "redistribution" for a relatively short period may contribute to their further neutralization by presence antibodies in the organism or require injection with a lower concentration of donor antibodies.

УДК 617.731-007.23-02-036.1-07-08(048.8) 

Хронічна рецидивуюча запальна оптична нейропатія: діагностичні стратегії та лікування (огляд літератури). Негрич Т.І., Копчак М.Б., Кирилюк С.Я. У статті представлено огляд та аналіз наукових праць щодо проблематики хронічної рецидивуючої запальної оптичної нейропатії, критеріїв її діагностики та методів лікування. Хронічна рецидивуюча запальна оптична нейропатія, уперше описана в 2003 році, – це автоімунне запальне захворювання зорового нерва невідомої етіології, що супроводжується частими больовими епізодами оптичного невриту, з чіткою реакцією на стероїдну терапію та рецидивами після її відміни. Проведено аналіз закордонних праць, опублікованих у базах даних E-Library, CrossRef, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus з метою систематизації даних щодо етіології, патогенезу, клінічних проявів, діагностичних критеріїв, диференційної
діагностики та лікування цього патологічного стану. Установлено, що хронічна рецидивуюча запальна оптична нейропатія є рідкісною, рецидивуючою, кортикостероїдно-залежною зоровою нейропатією, при якій відсутній інший неврологічний дефіцит, не виявляється етіологічний чинник та є діагнозом виключення. Важливість виявлення таких пацієнтів зумовлена тим, що призначення відповідної імуносупресивної терапії спричинює ремісію захворювання.

Ключові слова: хронічна рецидивуюча запальна оптична нейропатія, рецидивуюча ідіопатична оптична
нейропатія, діагностика, лікування, огляд

Abstract. Сhronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy: diagnostic strategies and treatment (literature review). Nehrych T.I., Kopchak M.B., Kyryliuk S.Ya. The article presents a review and analysis of scientific works on the problem of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, its diagnostic criteria and treatment methods. Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, first described in 2003, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the
optic nerve of unknown etiology, accompanied by frequent painful episodes of optic neuritis, with a clear response to steroid therapy and relapses after its withdrawal. An analysis of foreign works published in the E-Library, CrossRef, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus databases was carried out in order to systematize data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition. It has been established that chronic recurrent inflammatory optic neuropathy is a rare, recurrent, corticosteroid-dependent optic
neuropathy in which there is no other neurological deficit, no etiological factor is identified and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is important to identify such patients because the appointment of appropriate immunosuppressive therapy causes remission of the disease. 

Key words: chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, relapsing idiopathic optic neuropathy, diagnosis,
treatment, review

Background. Back in 1990, Limansky hypothesized acupuncture points (AP) as polymodal re- ceptors of the ecoceptive sensitivity system. In the process of hypothesis development in 2003 an existence of separate functional system of regulation of electromagnetic balance of organism has been substantiated and a working conception of light therapy has been formulated. Recently, we found that disturbances of the geomagnetic field cause a significant immediate modulating effect on the level of immune parameters in the blood. The data available in the literature give grounds for assumptions about the direct effect of disturbances of the geomagnetic field on immunocytes, and indirectly, through immunotropic neurotransmitters and hormones. Our hypothesis is as follows. Disturbances of the geomagnetic field are perceived by acupuncture points (APs). The information obtained is transmitted to neurons and endocrinocytes, the mediators of which, in turn, affect im- munocytes. The purpose of this study is to test this hypothesis.

Abstract. This article examines the growing interest in acupuncture as a potential treatment on the battlefield, particularly for pain relief and aiding the recovery of soldiers. This trend is part of a broader movement toward the integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into military healthcare systems. The article highlights how acupuncture’s holistic approach, which differs significantly from traditional Western medicine, makes it particularly effective in managing pain by considering the physical, psychological, and other patient characteristics that contribute to imbalances. Modern research and evidence further support the integration of acupuncture into pain management strategies, especially in military contexts. The article also explores the development and application of Battlefield Acupuncture, a protocol designed for rapid pain relief in combat settings. Additionally, the introduction of innovative approaches, such as finger acupuncture for self-help on the battlefield, offers a practical and low-risk alternative for soldiers in field conditions where access to comprehensive medical care may be limited. The effectiveness, simplicity, and potential for self-treatment make acupuncture a valuable tool in military medicine, particularly in resource- constrained environments.
Keywords: battlefield acupuncture, su jok acupuncture, military medicine.