The aim: The purpose of this literature review is to shed light on the development of biochemical knowledge in the Lviv region and on prominent figures in the development of biochemistry during the Second World War.
Materials and methods: Review of literature published before 2020. We searched the literature using the search terms ‘biochemists’, ‘ Lviv National Medical University’, ‘second World War’.
Conclusions: The development of biological research in Lviv can be divided into two historical stages: 1) from the beginning of the founding of Lviv University in 1661 to the First World War; 2) between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War. Biochemical research was initiated at the Medical Faculty of Lviv University. In 1939, the Lviv State Medical Institute was established on the basis of the Medical Faculty of the University, where a powerful department of biochemistry functioned, which was headed by a worldclass biochemist – Jakub Parnas. 

The differences in vascular risk factors’ and stroke burden across Europe are notable, however there is limited understanding of the influence of socioeconomic environment on the quality of secondary prevention and outcome after acute ischemic stroke.

Patients and methods: In this observational multicenter cohort study, we analyzed baseline characteristics, reperfusion treatment, outcome and secondary prevention in patients with acute ischemic stroke from three tertiary-care teaching hospitals with similar service population size in different socioeconomic environments: Bern/CH/n=293 (high-income), Gdansk/PL/n=140 (high-income), and Lutsk/UA/n=188 (lower-middle-income).

Results: We analyzed 621 patients (43.2% women, median age=71.4years), admitted between 07 and 12/2019. Significant differences were observed in median BMI (CH=26/PL=27.7/UA=27.8), stroke severity [(median NIHSS CH=4(0-40)/PL=11(0-33)/UA=7(1-30)], initial neuroimaging (CT:CH=21.6%/PL=50.7%/UA=71.3%), conservative treatment (CH=34.1%/PL=38.6%/UA=95.2%) (each p<0.001), in arterial hypertension (CH=63.8%/PL=72.6%/UA=87.2%), atrial fibrillation (CH=28.3%/PL=41.4%/UA=39.4%), hyperlipidemia (CH=84.9%/PL=76.4%/UA=17%) (each p<0.001) and active smoking (CH=32.2%/PL=27.3%/UA=10.2%) (p<0.007). Three-months favorable outcome (mRS=0–2) was seen in CH=63.1%/PL=50%/UA=59% (unadjusted-p=0.01/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA=0.601/0.981), excellent outcome (mRS=0–1) in CH=48.5%/PL=32.1%/UA=27% (unadjusted-p<0.001/adjusted-p CH-PL/CHUA=0.201/0.08 and adjusted-OR CH-UA=2.09). Three-months mortality was similar between groups (CH=17.2%/ PL=15.7%/UA=4.8%) (unadjusted-p=0.71/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA=0.087/0.24). Three-months recurrent stroke/TIA occurred in CH=3.1%/PL=10.7%/UA=3.1%, adjusted-p/OR CH-PL=0.04/0.32). Three-months follow-up medication intake rates were the same for antihypertensives. Statin/OAC intake was lowest in UA=67.1%/25.5% (CH=87.3%/39.2%/ unadjusted-p<0.001/adjusted-p CH-UA=0.02/0.012/adjusted-OR CH-UA=2.33/2.18). Oral intake of antidiabetics was lowest in CH=10.8% (PL=15.7%/UA=16.1%/unadjusted-p=0.245/adjusted-p CH-PL/CH-UA=0.061/0.002/adjustedOR CH-UA=0.25). Smoking rates decreased in all groups during follow-up.

Acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia is a significant cause of death in children 6-18 years old.; Objective - to find out whether diaphragm dysfunction might lead to unsuccessful weaning from MV in children 6-18 years old.; We provided prospective observational cohort study and included 104 patients, who were splitting in the study and the control groups and 2 age subgroups. To consider diaphragm function, we check amplitude of its movement and diaphragm thickening fraction (Dtf).; The primary outcome was the incidence of successful weaning from MV. The secondary outcomes were changes in diaphragm function parameters.; Dtf for right hemidiaphragm was significantly lower in the study group 1st subgroup on day 1 and day 5, and significantly higher on day 14 (p<0.05), while for left hemidiaphragm it was significantly higher on day 1 and lower on day 5 compared with the control group (p<0.05). In 2nd subgroup Dtf was significantly higher for both sides in the study group on day 1 compared with the control group (p<0.05). ; Amplitude of diaphragm movement was significantly decreased in 1st subgroup of the study group on day 1 and day 5 and increased on day 14 compared with the control group (p<0.05).; The incidence of successful weaning from MV in the study group was significantly lower compared with the control group.; Diaphragm dysfunction might alter weaning from MV in children 6-18 years old.

The textbook has been compiled in accordance with the requirements of the English language programme for students of medical educational establishments of the 1st-4th level of accreditation with basic knowledge of English. The aim of the textbook is to master skills in communication, reading and translation of scientific medical literature. The textbook includes 19 units which contain original texts on general medical issues, healthcare matters, anatomy, physiology, grammar material and exercises for practising and improving English language skills. The methodology integrates speaking, listening, writing and reading skills following the task-based approach.

A future medical practitioner is a holder of high moral qualities, possessing ethics and the method of aesthetic 
communication. A good command of aesthetic communication in nursing practice has a positive impact on achieving 
desired outcomes. The aim is to highlight the conceptual frame and the specificity of aesthetic communication for future nurses and how to implement it during the educational process. Analysis, synthesis, and systematization were used to shape the complex characteristics of developing aesthetic communication; comparative and descriptive methods were used to distinguish the effective features of aesthetic communication; the analytical method was applied to receive information about the theoretical and practical problems of developing aesthetic communication; and the Pearson test χ2 was used as a statistical method to compare and verify the obtained data. The research involved 90 students of the nursing faculty at Andrey Krupynsky Lviv Medical Academy in Ukraine, divided into experimental and comparison groups. The results showed a high level of aesthetic communication in the experimental group (42%), versus the comparison group (22%). Students’ academic performance improved in four language skills: reading, speaking, listening, and writing competence. All students demonstrated significant improvement in speaking fluently due to the implementation of aesthetic communication exercises into the teaching process. Our suggested technique for teaching a basic course, “Professional English”, in combination with an optional course, “Aesthetic Communication,” works properly and should be implemented in other higher educational institutions, as good aesthetic communication skills are crucial in building a nurse-patient relationship. 
Keywords: aesthetic communication; external and internal personal communication; professional English; nursing 
education; future nurses