УДК: 616.12-009.72-06:616.12-008.331.1]:616.988:578.834:613.84

Background. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with long-term disturbances of cardiovascular regulation, including alterations in the circadian blood pressure profile, which may worsen the course of ischemic heart disease and increase the risk of complications. The role of smoking in the development of these abnormalities remains insufficiently studied.
Purpose – to assess the characteristics of the ambulatory blood pressure profile in patients with unstable angina depending on the presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome and smoking status.
Materials and Methods. A total of 147 patients with unstable angina were examined and divided into groups with and without post-COVID-19 syndrome, as well as into subgroups of smokers and non-smokers. All patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with analysis of the main parameters.
Results. Patients with post-COVID syndrome demonstrated higher 24-hour and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, higher pulse pressure values and blood pressure load indices, as well as a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal circadian blood pressure patterns, particularly the «night-peaker» type. Smokers had 
significantly higher blood pressure levels and worse ambulatory blood pressure profile parameters compared with non-smokers. The highest frequency of exceeding target blood pressure levels and blood pressure load indices was observed in smokers with post-COVID syndrome. The most unfavorable parameters were found in patients with 
post-COVID syndrome who smoked.
Conclusions. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with more pronounced pathological changes in the circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with unstable angina, including higher mean blood pressure levels and a higher prevalence of unfavorable circadian phenotypes («non-dipper», «night-peaker»). Post-COVID syndrome and smoking independently worsen ambulatory blood pressure parameters; however, their combination has a synergistic negative effect on the blood pressure profile and increases cardiovascular risk in patients with unstable angina.

Актуальність. Постковідний синдром супроводжується тривалими порушеннями серцево-судинної регуляції, зокрема змінами добового профілю артеріального тиску, що може погіршувати перебіг ішемічної хвороби серця та підвищувати ризик ускладнень. Роль куріння у формуванні цих порушень залишається недостатньо 
вивченою.
Мета роботи – оцінити особливості добового профілю артеріального тиску у пацієнтів із нестабільною стенокардією залежно від наявності постковідного синдрому та фактора куріння.
Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 147 пацієнтів із нестабільною стенокардією, розподілених на групи з постковідним синдромом і без нього, а також на підгрупи курців і некурців. Усім виконано добове моніторування артеріального тиску з аналізом основних показників.
Результати. У пацієнтів із постковідним синдромом виявлено вищі середньодобові та нічні рівні систолічного і діастолічного артеріального тиску, більші значення пульсового тиску та індексу часу гіпертензії, а також значно більшу частоту патологічних циркадних профілів артеріального тиску, зокрема типу «night-peaker». Курці мали достовірно вищі показники артеріального тиску та гірші параметри добового профілю порівняно з некурцями. Частота перевищення цільових рівнів артеріального тиску та показників навантаження тиском була максимальною у підгрупі курців із постковідним синдромом. Найбільш несприятливі показники спостерігалися саме у пацієнтів із постковідним синдромом та звичкою куріння.
Висновки. Постковідний синдром асоціюється з більш вираженими патологічними змінами добового ритму артеріального тиску у пацієнтів з нестабільною стенокардією, включно з вищими середніми рівнями артеріального тиску та частішими несприятливими циркадними фенотипами («non-dipper», «night-peaker»). Постковідний синдром та куріння незалежно погіршують показники добового артеріального тиску, але їх поєднання має синергічний негативний вплив на добовий профіль артеріального тиску та зростання кардіоваскулярного ризику у пацієнтів із нестабільною стенокардією.

While stroke risk and burden vary across Europe, the combined impact of sex and socioeconomic context on stroke care and recovery remains poorly understood. Patients and methods. This observational multicentre cohort study analyzed prospectively collected registry data from patients with acute ischemic stroke from three tertiary care hospitals in different socioeconomic settings: Bern/Switzerland (high-income region; women = 128/293(43.7%)), Gdansk/Poland (high-income region; women = 54/139(38.8%)), and Lutsk/Ukraine (low-income region; women = 86/188(45.7%)). Results. We analyzed the data of 620 patients (median age CH-W/M:77.4/71.2;PL-W/M:75.5/67.0;UA-W/M:73.0/67.0;p-all = 0.051/p-W = 0.434/p-M = 0.130) admitted between 7 and 12/2019. There were significant differences between countries in women’s pre-stroke mRS: 0–1 (women: Switzerland: 73.6%/Poland: 62.9%; p-all/women < 0.001) and BMI (women: Switzerland: 24.2/Poland: 27.9/Ukraine: 29.3; p-women < 0.001). Stroke severity differed overall and between sexes (median NIHSS women: Switzerland: 4/Poland: 13/Ukraine: 7, men: Switzerland: 4/Poland: 9/Ukraine: 7; p-all < 0.001; p-women/men = 0.005). Atrial fibrillation was more common in women (women: Switzerland: 31.3%/Poland: 57.4%/Ukraine: 47.7%) vs. men (men: Switzerland: 26.1%/Poland: 31.8%/Ukraine: 32.4%; p-all = 0.006/p-women = 0.002), as was arterial hypertension (p-all/women/men < 0.001), with the highest rates in Ukraine (all: 87.2%). Smoking status differed significantly overall (p-all < 0.001), with the lowest rates in Ukrainian women (never smokers: 96.5%) and highest in Swiss men (active smokers: 40.7%). Initial neuroimaging differed significantly by country, with the highest MRI use in Swiss women (women: Switzerland: 49.6%/Poland: 14.8%/Ukraine: 16.3%), highest CT use in Ukrainian men (men: Switzerland: 25.8%/Poland: 45.9%/Ukraine: 72.5%) and lowest use of both modalities in Ukraine (p-all/women/men < 0.001). Therapy (IVT/EVT/craniectomy/conservative) also differed significantly (p-all/women/men < 0.001), with conservative therapy most common in Ukraine (women: 96.5%/men: 94.1%). 3-month excellent outcome was significantly higher in Swiss vs. Ukrainian women (adjusted-OR-Swiss–Ukrainian-women = 2.96; adjusted-p-women = 0.015). 3-month mortality did not differ significantly. 3-month smoking rates were higher in Switzerland vs. Ukraine (adjusted-OR-Swiss–Ukrainian-women = 9; adjusted-p-Swiss–Ukrainian-women = 0.05; adjusted-OR-Swiss–Ukrainian-men = 9.75; adjusted-p-Swiss–Ukrainian-men = 0.004).

Swiss versus Ukrainian women were three times more likely to achieve excellent 3-month outcomes, associated with disparities in prevention strategies. These findings highlight the need for sex-, gender-, and socioeconomic-specific approaches to stroke prevention, with tailored interventions to reduce inequalities.

The article describes digital and analogue methods for linearising the conversion function of thermoresistive transducers, with a detailed analysis of analogue methods. Analogue methods for linearising bridge circuits and measurement circuits based on passing a reference current through a resistance temperature detector (RTD) are considered. Linearisation of bridge circuits is based on the formation of the compensatingsupply voltage of the bridge circuit, which depends on the change in the measured temperature. When using the measurement method based on passing a reference current through an RTD, nonlinearity compensation is achieved by changing the conversion coefficient of the measuring signal or passing an additional current through the RTD, which linearly depends on the value of the RTD’s voltage change (measured temperature value). When passing an additional compensation current through the RTD, the nonlinearity error is not grater than0.1°C in the range of 0...800°C, and the schematic diagram of the measuring transducer contains a minimum number of elements, which allows to increase its reliability. In general, the choice of a linearisation method depends on the requirements for accuracy, operation rateand resource limitations of the measuring system.

This publication investigates the influence of external factors on the readings of heat flow sensors located at different distances from the heat source. ARIMA models with Gaussian distributions and t-distribution were used for the analysis, as well as Quantile-Quantile plots to assess the appropriateness of the distribution of model residuals. It was found that the influence of external factors varies significantly depending on the distance of the sensor to the heat source, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis. Sensors located closer to the heat source showed greater sensitivity to environmental changes, while sensors at a greater distance showed more stable readings. The obtained results emphasize the importance of taking into account external factors during the placement and operation of heat flow sensors to ensure maximum measurement accuracy.

This paper presents the results of a study on modified transimpedance amplifier circuits aimed at expanding their functionality. Using SPICE simulations, the impact of varying reference voltages on the output signal of the amplifiers was analyzed, allowing for the isolation and quantitative evaluation of the contributions of the photodiode and photo resistive conversion mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the proposed modifications enable the acquisition of informative signals carrying information about the photodiode and photoresistive components of the photocurrent. Additionally, it was found that the modifications affect the stability of transient processes and the impedance characteristics of the amplifiers. Based on the conducted research, a method for in-situ diagnostics of organic structures with the selection of the photodiode and photoresistive components of organic photostructures has been developed.