The article describes the case of a septic form of a listeriosis with multiple abscesses of the liver. Given clinical example illustrates the severe course of listeriosis with the development of septicemia and lesions of internal organs. Despite the adequate etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment for listeriosis meningoencephalitis, there was a lethal outcome of the disease. The polymorphism of clinical manifestations and the range of course variants often make it difficult to diagnose listeriosis, which in turn requires a more thorough examination of patients as well as carrying out all relevant bacteriological and serological tests.