Aim: To assess, under experimental conditions of cellular dehydration of varying severity, the nature of structural changes in the nephron and the dynamics of reparative processes during the recovery period.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 110 young male Wistar rats, divided into two groups. The first group (30 rats) remained intact, while the second group (80 rats) was adapted to dehydration. Adaptation was achieved through alternating a low-mineral diet with 1.5% hypertonic sodium chloride solution (for two days) and a standard vivarium diet (for one day) over 42 days. Cellular dehydration in the second group was induced by administering 1.5% hypertonic sodium chloride solution along with dried oats and crackers. The degree of dehydration was determined based on the water deficit. In the next stage of the experiment, animals were returned to a normal diet, and readaptation changes were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the cessation of the dehydrating factor. The morphological state of the kidney structures was examined using microscopic, electron-microscopic, morphometric, and statistical methods.
Results: As a result of exposure dehydrating factor, the renal parenchyma shows functional tension in the glomeruli and tubular epithelial cells due to the increased load on the kidney. Changes of podocyte pedicels affect the size of filtration slits that regulate glomerular filter permeability. The first indicators of disorders in the glomerular-tubular system are the basal membranes in the composition of capillaries and epithelium. Even in mild dehydration, as the dehydrating factor increases, the basal membrane thickens, loses its three-layer structural organization, becomes homogeneous and osmiophilic. Gradually, podocytes and endothelial cells of capillaries are damaged, undergoing dystrophy. The process of readaptation after rehydration of the previously dehydrated organism involves a complex of morphological changes following cellular dehydration, aimed at restoring lost or weakened functions of cells and tissues, their adaptive-compensatory changes, which ensure adaptation to certain conditions. Structural transformations of cells during readaptation may manifest in the enhanced stabilization of cell membranes and the resistance of tissues to intensive influences. Previous adaptation under dehydration leads to the mitigation of the dehydrating factor’s impact, manifested in a lower severity of structural-metabolic disturbances and increased energy exchange.
Conclusions: The structural components of the nephron immediately respond to disturbances in the body’s water-electrolyte balance by changing their structural organization. These changes are significant in severe cellular dehydration, and their restoration requires a long period of time.
The aim: To establish the dynamics of reparation processes in periapical tissues in chronic granulomatous periodontitis under the influence of the developed composition based on calcium hydroxyapatite in comparison with the generally accepted drug MTA.
Materials and methods: The main group included 52 individuals, and the comparison group – 19 patients with chronic granulomatous periodontitis. In the first experimental subgroup, patients were obturated of the tooth root apical area with the proposed composition, and in the second experimental subgroup patients were performed obturation of the root canal apical area with additional transcanal withdrawal of the composition into the periapical area. In the comparison group, the tooth root apex was obturated with MTA material.
Results: Clinical studies have shown that the composition based on calcium hydroxyapatite, having osteoconductive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, activates the synthesis of organic and mineral components, that promotes the bioreparation and regeneration processes of periapical tissues in chronic granulomatous periodontitis, which occurred most intensively during the first 6 months after treatment. At the same time, with additional transcanal removal of the filling composition based on calcium hydroxyapatite into the periapical area in patients with chronic granulomatous periodontitis with acquired wide tooth root apex was observed in 1.6 time better results than the method of creating an apical root canal obturation (p <0,05), indicating a high therapeutic effect.
Conclusions: Composition based on calcium hydroxyapatite, having osteoconductive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, activates the synthesis of organic and mineral components, which promotes the processes of bioreparation and regeneration of periapical tissues, especially in the early stages. And additional transcanal removal of the filling composition into the periapical space causes the acceleration of the period of periodontal tissues revitalization, bioreparation and regeneration compared to the creation of the apical obturation within the physiological tooth root apex.
KEY WORDS: granulomatous periodontitis; composition based on calcium hydroxyapatite; regeneration; CDAP index