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More than 82 % of women of reproductive age note pain in the mammary gland. Every fifth woman feels severe pain(mastalgia) and swelling (mastodynia) in the mammary gland. Cyclic mastalgia is combined with hyperprolactinemia.Hyperprolactinemia occurs when dopamine does not suppress pituitary function enough to reduce prolactin release. Agni castifructus, known for its dopaminergic activity, relieves pain and discomfort in the mammary glands. 50 patients were underobservation. Only 10 % of patients felt mild pain, 32 % experienced moderate pain, 50 % assessed it as severe, and 8 % experiencedextreme pain. After the treatment, the complete absence of pain was noted by 76 % of patients. The results of the conducted studiesindicate a high efficiency of 76 % and the safety of using Agni casti fructus in treating mastalgia and mastodynia. The highefficiency in the treatment of mastalgia and mastodynia with the herbal medicine Agni casti fructus without the additional use of
hormonal drugs can be explained by the fact that this drug normalizes the hormonal balance of a woman. 

Новину відредагував: library-lnmu - 28-10-2025, 15:25

Aim: To study the process of hemoglobin oxidation and the enzymatic reactions associated with it.
Materials and Methods: Heparinized human blood (15 IU/ml) was obtained from the clinical department. The concentration of oxy- and methemoglobin,
auto-oxidation of hemoglobin was determined spectrophotometrically spectrophotometrically. Autooxidation of hemoglobin was recorded spectrophotometrically, and protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method. Monooxygenase activity of hemoglobin was also measured by the method described
by Lowry spectrophotometrically. The concentration of O₂ and H₂O₂ in the reaction media was determined on a biomicroanalyzer OR 210/3 (Redelkis).
Results: The obtained experimental data allow us to propose a mechanism of “spontaneous autooxidation” of oxyhemoglobin, which can be described by
the following equations:
Hb²⁺O₂ = Hb³⁺ + O₂ (1)
Hb²⁺O₂ + 2e^- + 2H⁺ = Hb³⁺ + H₂O₂ (2)
Hb²⁺O₂ + 2e ^- + 2H⁺ = Hb²⁺ + H₂O₂  (3)
Hb²⁺ + O_{2 ⁼}  Hb²⁺O2 (4)
Spectral characteristics of the process of “spontaneous auto-oxidation” indicate the formation of a metform of hemoglobin, the depletion of oxygen by the system was established, at pH 5.6, an increase in the monooxygenase activity of hemoglobin is observed 3-4 times compared to the physiological level.
Сonclusions: In addition to the main, previously known functions of hemoglobin (gas transport, peroxidase, monooxygenase), it catalyzes a two-electron
oxidase reaction in which O₂
 is reduced to H₂O₂. This is confirmed by experimental data on the formation of one of the products of “spontaneous autoxidation”
of oxyhemoglobin _ deoxyform at pH 5.6 _ 8.9.
 KEY WORDS: oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, autooxidation, monooxygenase activity, oxidase reaction, ligands