The application of information technologies particularly decision support systems in laboratory diagnostics and healthcare in general is becoming increasingly significant. This article presents an analysis of the implementation of a risk-based approach within management system processes and the operational activities of medical laboratories. Approaches to the identification of innovative risks in medical laboratories are substantiated in accordance with the requirements of international standards governing laboratory practice. Of particular relevance is the issue of introducing cyber-physical systems into laboratory information systems which determine the degree of controllability of all laboratory processes and automate all aspects of laboratory activities allowing for optimisation and increased efficiency. A particularly pressing issue is the integration of cyber-physical systems into laboratory information systems as they determine the level of controllability of all laboratory processes and ensure the automation of all aspects of laboratory operations thereby facilitating optimization and enhancing overall efficiency