Aim: The study aimed to determine the peculiarities of the micro- and ultrastructural organization of the skin under conditions of a four-week administration of an opioid to experimental animals.
Materials and Methods: The study material included skin samples of white rats with injected vascular beds, histological preparations, and ultrathin skin
sections. The research methods involved injection techniques, histological analysis, electron microscopy, morphometric measurements, and statistical analysis.
Results: The results of the study revealed that after four weeks of nalbuphine administration to experimental animals, blood stasis was observed in the lumen of the capillaries and venules, along with perivascular edema and perivascular infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue basophils. The electron density of the nuclei and cytoplasm of the granular layer keratinocytes was reduced, keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum acquired a rounded shape, with some nuclei appearing shrunken and hyperchromatic, and their cytoplasm exhibiting vacuolization. In the reticular layer, thickened bundles of collagen fibers were observed, with localized swelling and fragmentation of the collagen fibers. Excessive formation of scales was noticed in the stratum corneum. The papillary layer of the dermis contained numerous mast cells and lymphocytes near blood vessels. The shape of sebaceous and sweat gland cells was altered, with swollen cytoplasm, and lymphohistiocytic infiltration was observed around them. A decrease (p<0.05) in the density of capillary loops in the subpapillary vascular plexus of the skin in the gluteal region of white rats after four weeks of nalbuphine administration, along with an increase (p>0.5) in the trophic activity index of the skin, confirms profound destructive changes in the vascular architecture of the skin.
Conclusions: Four weeks of nalbuphine administration induces irreversible pathological processes in all skin components.

The paper proposes a model of an electromagnetic radiation sensor that uses the precession of the magnetization vector in a ferromagnet (ferromagnetic resonance) as a result of absorbing the energy of an incident electromagnetic wave, the generation of a spin current as a result of this precession, the generation of a spin-polarized current as a result of the passage of a spin current in a non-magnetic metal, and a change in the direction of magnetization of a ferromagnetic layer with a low coercive force (free layer) due to the passage of a spin-polarized current. Then the radiation will be detected by its effect on the electrical resistance of the entire structure, which depends on the mutual directions (parallel or antiparallel) of magnetization of the free and fixed (with a large coercive force) ferromagnetic layers (phenomenon of giant magnetic resistance). The dependence of the spin-polarized current in the device on the frequency and amplitude of the incident electromagnetic wave with linear polarization was calculated. A method of calculating the range of amplitude and frequency values of radiation that can be detected by the sensor has been developed. The parameters of this model are the detection time and the number of spin gates in one sensor. Calculations are given for a ferromagnetic layer made of permalloy and for spin valves with four different critical current values that determine the process of remagnetization of the free layer: 20, 50, 100, and 200 microamps.