Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has transformed both the modern battlefield and the microbial environment surrounding the war-wounded. Explosive injuries, prolonged evacuation, and limited opportunities for early decontamination have contributed to an unprecedented rise in multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections. This paper describes how routine infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) systems have become inadequate under conflict conditions and how contamination evolves into colonization and then systemic infection as casualties move through the evacuation pathway. Building on the national IPC and AMS strengthening, we outline a complementary crisis intervention: the application of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear-inspired decontamination principles to routine trauma care. These measures incorporate structured early irrigation and debridement, antiseptic cleansing, removal of contaminated materials, and the use of dedicated decontamination spaces at hospital entry. They
are designed to reinforce existing programs by reducing microbial burden at the earliest point of contact. Implementing this approach aims to disrupt MDRO acquisition and transmission, protect fragile healthcare infrastructure, and mitigate escalating biosecurity risks. Ukraine’s conflict experience has informed the
development of this proposed concept, with formal implementation and impact evaluation planned as thenext phase of work.

Abstract
Neuroimaging plays a central role in modern neuroanatomy education and neurological diagnosis, yet its roots trace back to the foundational era of X-ray technology. This article examines the historical trajectory of early X-ray methods, with particular focus on the pioneering, though often overlooked,
contributions of Johann Puluj. Although early X-rays could not image the brain or spinal cord, they enabled detailed imaging of the skull and vertebral column, structures essential to neuroanatomical understanding. Puluj's innovations, including the use of an inclined anticathode, led to high-quality
skeletal radiographs, such as the first published full-body X-ray of a stillborn infant taken on February 2, 1896, and published in the Prague newspaper on February 11 and in a British professional journal in April of the same year. These images laid the groundwork for radiographic anatomy and served as such as increased intracranial pressure, neurofibromatosis, or congenital malformations, plainradiographs established the early logic of clinical neuroimaging. The conceptual frameworks theyintroduced for understanding neuroanatomy, for teaching its principles, and for applying them inclinical practice were subsequently expanded by the advent of more advanced dynamic radiographictechniques. Recognizing Puluj's pioneering contributions to the history of X-ray discovery not onlyrestores accuracy to the scientific record but also emphasizes the lasting educational significance ofearly imaging practices. This study highlights the importance of incorporating historical perspectivesinto neuroanatomy curricula to enrich learners' appreciation of modern imaging techniques and theirfoundational origins.
Keywords:
X‐ray computed tomography; X‐rays; cathode ray tube; medical education; neuroanatomy;neuroimaging.