UDC: 615.277.3:547.76].012:542.9

In vitro study and characterization of anticancer activity of new heterocyclic derivative N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide. Methods. The cell culture; MTT assay. Results. We synthesized N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide, which possessed diuretic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated its cytotoxicity effect towards the tumor cell lines of various tissue origins: liver (HepG2), breast (MCF 7), lung (A549), cervical (KB3 1), and leukemia (HL 60) cells, as well as towards the non-tumor cells (НЕК293 and NIH3T3). The IC50 values of the synthesized compound for tumor cells were in the range of 9.4–97.6 μg/mL. We found that the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were the most sensitive to the action of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol 2yl)propionamide with the IC 50 value of 9.4 μg/mL. The studied derivative slightly inhibited the growth of the pseudo normal HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells. Conclusions. The anti prolife rative activity of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide dropped in the order: hepatocarcinoma > leukemia > breast carcinoma cells. Thus, we revealed in the molecule of N(5methyl[1,3,4]thiadiazol2yl)propionamide a combination of the diuretic, cardioprotec tive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, which is of great significance for this agent
as a potent anticancer medicine

Fungi of the genus Lactarius Pers. before the maturation of spores are not damaged by microorganisms, insects, mollusks, and animals. Such resistance correlates with the period when the basidiomes of these fungi are filled with milky juice, which contains substances of various chemical nature that provide their protection. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Objective: The aim of our work is to present the results of our recent and previously published studies on the identification and toxicological characteristics of substances available in the milky juice of fungi of the genus Lactarius Pers and used for protection against predator and parasite organisms. The possibility of using these substances to suppress tumor cells is also discussed. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Methods: The biological effect of the juice of L. pergamenus, L. quietus, and L. volemus, as well as methylene chloride, extracts obtained from fresh, frozen and dried basidiomes of L. pergamenus was studied. Purification of individual fractions of hexane extract from the basidiomes was performed by chromatography on a silica gel column and their analysis by done by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Results: The sesquiterpene aldehydes were shown to be the main component of the chemical protection system of Lactarius. These agents are present in the milky juice of the Lactarius fungi, and they are easily oxidized by oxygen in the air. The milky juice of these mushrooms is also rich in higher fatty acids and phthalates. Phthalates possess an insecticidal effect, while higher fatty acids are capable of forming adducts with sesquiterpenes that provide emulsion stability. Water-soluble substances, in particular, the polyphenol oxidase enzyme, whose activity correlates with the content of milky juice in basidiomes, also play a protective role. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> Conclusion: Milky juice of mushrooms of Lactarius Pers. genus is a stable balanced emulsion containing a large number of substances. One part is responsible for the toxic effects on other organisms, while the other part determines the chemical stability of the emulsion. Altogether, they create an effective system of protection of fungi of the Lactarius genus against microorganisms, insects, mollusks, and animals. 

Chitosan is a cationic polymer capable of binding acidic drugs. In addition, it has haemostatic and antimicrobial activity. Chitosan derivatives withanti-fibrinolytic properties may present increased effectiveness, especially when the added substance forms an adduct with chitosan. The aim of this work was to study the haemostatic action of the chitosan–tranexamic acid complex. Two chitosan solutions (molecularweight of 250 and 625 kDa at pH 5.7 and 6.2, and after tranexamic acid had been added to chitosan solutions) werestudied. Haemostatic evaluation was performed on white outbred mice. The time to complete cessation of bleeding from the tail was determined. Chitosan 625 kDa at pH 6.2 had the best haemostatic properties. Adding tranexamic acid to the chitosan solution reduced the bleeding time. This phenomenon was more pronounced for chitosan 625 kDa. Compared with control animals, this chitosan reduced bleeding arrest time by 30% and the chitosan–tranexamic acid adduct reduced the bleeding arrest time by 75%.

Three samples of bituminous material with different softening temperatures of 321, 332, and 356.4 K were obtained by the method of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The determination of the group hydrocarbon composition was carried out for the raw materials of the modification process (tar) and the resulting bitumens. An FTIR study of the obtained groups of hydrocarbons (oil, resins, and as-phaltenes) was also carried out. The structural transformations were investigated and a possible chemistry of the tar modification process with formaldehyde was proposed.

Nowadays, the most common ways to dispose of acid tars and paper production waste are
burial or incineration, but it is ecologically and economically expedient to use such waste in building
materials. A new variant of filler aggregate—wastepaper sludge ash (paper production waste) and a
chemical activator for filler aggregates—acid tar (oil-refining industry waste) is proposed. Elemental
and mineralogical compositions of wastepaper sludge ash for comparison with commodity limestone
mineral powder are established. Chemical activation of wastepaper sludge ash and limestone mineral
powder was carried out and the wetting properties of the obtained materials were investigated
by means of primary and neutralized acid tar. The physical and mechanical properties of stone
mastic asphalt samples with different filler aggregate variants were studied. The possible chemical
transformations in stone mastic asphalt using limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash
activated by acid tar are shown. The possibility of replacing traditional limestone mineral powder
with industrial wastepaper sludge ash has been proven, and the effectiveness of activating filler
aggregates by acid tar has been confirmed. It was established that acid tar as an activator for filler
aggregates does not require neutralization because stone mastic asphalt, in this case, demonstrates
better properties compared to acid tar neutralization. As a result of our research, the application
of wastepaper sludge ash is possible as a filler aggregate for stone mastic asphalt. And to obtain
improved stone mastic asphalt characteristics, wastepaper sludge ash is required to activate 5 wt.%
acid tar.