УДК 616.311.2+616.314.17.) – 06:616.1/.4] -036

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of concomitant somatic pathology on periodontal tissues.
Materials and methods. 104 patients, aged 28–46 years, with diseases of periodontal tissues, who had somatic pathology, were involved in the study. The examined persons were divided into groups: 35 persons (group 1) with pathology of the hepatobiliary system, 37 persons (group 2) with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, and 32 persons (group 3) with pathology of the cardiovascular system.
The comparison group included 30 people with periodontal tissue diseases without somatic pathology.
To determine the depth and prevalence of the inflammatory process of the gums the Svrakov’s number indicator was used. Oral hygiene was assessed according to the Silness-Loe and Stallard indices. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index (C. Parma, 1960) was determined to assess the severity of gum inflammation. 
Bleeding gums were assessed by the gum’s papilla bleeding index according to Muhllemann. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out with a computer program for variational and statistical analysis of medical and biological research data “GraphPad Prism 5”.
Results and discussion. Patients with diseases of periodontal tissues against the background of somatic pathology had the highest percentage of chronic generalized periodontitis of the II degree, in contrast patients of the comparison group had the highest percentage of chronic generalized periodontitis of the initial – I degree.
Svrakov’s number in patients with periodontal disease against the background of somatic pathology significantly (р ˂0.05) exceeded the indicators of patients of the comparison group. At the same time, there is no significant difference between the results of groups 1, 2 and 3.
The highest values of the indexes of Silness-Loe and Stallard were recorded in patients with the cardiovascular system pathology, which significantly (p<0.05) exceeded the data in the comparison group, but did not significantly differ from the results of patients with pathology of hepatobiliary system and gastrointestinal tract.
The papillary-marginal-alveolar index data were the highest in patients with hepatobiliary system pathology (64.25 ± 8.19%), which significantly (p<0.05) exceeded the results of the comparison group and in individuals of groups 2 and 3.
The highest indicator of the bleeding index is 1.98 ± 0.22 points in patients of the 1st group, which significantly exceeds the indicators in the group of people without somatic pathology and in the group of patients with pathology of gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system.
Conclusion. The conducted studies show that the presence of somatic pathology contributes to the development of periodontal tissue diseases, and certainly aggravates their course, which is proven by the results of the index assessment.
Keywords: periodontitis, somatic pathology, periodontal indices.

УДК 616.314.9-002:616.7]-018.2-053.4

Abstract. Аssociation between incidence of caries of temporary teeth and pathology of the musculoskeletal system 
in preschool children, considering biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism. Bodnaruk N.I.,  Smolyar N.I., Chukhray N.L., Mashkarinets O.O., Gan I.V. The aim is study biochemical markers of connective tissue  metabolism in children with musculoskeletal disorders and their association with dental caries of temporary teeth. There  were examined 232 children at the age of 5 (202 children with musculoskeletal disorders and 30 conditionally healthy  children without somatic pathology). Among children with musculoskeletal disorders 68 (33.66%) had flat feet, 59  (29.21%) – postural impairment and 75 (37.13%) – combined pathology of the musculoskeletal sestem. For further  research, the children were divided into three groups, 30 people in each. Group І included children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, dental caries, without oxyproline in urine; group ІІ – with pathology of the musculoskeletal  system, dental caries and oxyproline in urine; group ІІІ – with dental caries and without oxyproline in urine. Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans using a nephelometric test with cetylpyridinium chloride was determined. The concentration of creatinine in urine was measured in units of weight in the formation of a chromogenic complex of a solution of picric acid with creatinine in an alkaline medium. Dental status was assessed in terms of caries prevalence, deft index and severity of dental caries. The prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in 5-years old children with musculoskeletal disorders was on average 90.6±2.05%, deft index ─ 6.62±0.20, being significantly higher than in children without somatic pathology (respectively 70.83±4.45% and 5.15±0.34, р<0.001). Oxyprolin was detected only in the urine of children with combined pathology of musculoskeletal system (on average 3.53±0.11 units). The excretion rates of glycosaminoglycans in children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, dental caries and oxyproline in urine (gr.ІІ) were two times higher than the reference range (415.37±15,09 CPCh units / 1 g creatinine, р<0.001). In the absence of oxyproline in urine, both in somatically healthy children (gr. ІІІ) and in children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system (gr. І), the levels of excretion of glycosoaminoglycans were within the reference range (respectively 198.83±10.71 and 203.87±12.52 CPCh units / 1 g creatinine. The levels of daily excretion of creatinine were within the normal range in children of gr. ІІІ (1.17±0.13 g/day; in children of gr. І they were 2.85 times lower (0.41±0.05 g/day, p<0.001); in children of gr. ІІ – 6.5 times lower (0.18±0.02 g/day р<0.001). In children of gr. ІІ, a negative correlation was found between the levels of creatinine and oxyproline (τ= -0.68, p<0.05). The absence of oxyproline in the urine of children of gr. І and ІІІ indicates the absence of collagen decay in their bodies. In children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system against the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (gr. ІІ), a strong, positive correlation was found between the deft index and levels of urinary excretion of oxyproline (τ= +0.77, p<0.05) and glycosaminoglycans (τ= +0.90, p<0.05), which indicates that the development of dental caries depends on the severity of the pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

Висока поширеність захворювань пародонта серед різних груп населення виділяє цю проблему в число найважливіших проблем сучасної стоматології. За даними експертів ВООЗ 80 % школярів у різних країнах мають патологію пародонта, а серед дорослих вона зустрічається майже  у 100 % випадків. Розповсюдженість захворювань пародонта серед населення України складає 81,5 %. 

УДК:616.314-057.87:374.7]:37.03+378)

Узагальнено, що здобуття неформальної освіти студентами стоматологами має низку особливостей, серед яких інформаційна насиченість основної освіти, технологічна складність сучасних стоматологічних послуг, висока вартість освітніх програм для стоматологів. Аналіз поінформованості студентів щодо неформальної освіти проведений за результатами анкетування у Львівському національному медичному університеті імені Данила Галицького, Івано-Франківському національному медичному університеті, Львівському медичному університеті, Тернопільському національному медичному університеті імені І. Я. Горбачевського. Виявлено, що 62% опитаних студентів не здобувають неформальну освіту. Щодо їх поінформованості про ресурси неформальної освіти ми отримали збіг в усіх трьох групах стейкхолдерів –студентів, викладачів, роботодавців. Як пріоритетні обрано ресурси: Prometheus, Coursera, Udemy, edX.org, KhanAcademy, navychka. З тих студентів, які користуються електронними ресурсами неформальної освіти лише 13,6% виділяють понад чотири години на тиждень. Спрямованість студентів розглянута за пріоритетною до освітньої діяльності мотивацією, зорієнтованість на: самовдосконалення себе; професійне самовдосконалення; спілкування і взаємодію, розширення свого соціального простору. Виявлено перевагу чотирьох пріоритетів: 50% визначили, що метою здобуття освіти є вдосконалення знань та вмінь за напрямом навчання, 36% –особистісний розвиток, 30% –здобуття вмінь та навичок поза напрямом навчання; 27% –розширення сфери спілкування. Важливим показником для характеристики спрямованості стало визначення бажаної тематики програм неформальної освіти: 40,5% учасників опитування обрали бізнес та підприємництво. Щодо критеріїв важливих у виборі, то 66% обрали гнучкий графік навчання, 54% –співвідношення ціни навчання і його потенційної корисності; 36% –особисто привабливі програми.

Ключові слова: студенти стоматологи; неформальна освіта; професійне вдосконалення студентів.

It is summarized that the acquisition of non-formal education by dentistry students has a number of features, including the information filling of basic education, the technological complexity of modern dental services, the high cost of educational programs for dentists. The analysis of students’ awareness about non-formal education was carried out based on the results of a questionnaire at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Lviv Medical University, I.Ya.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University. It was found that 62% of the surveyed students do not receive non-formal education. Regarding their awareness about non-formal education resources, we found a match in all three stakeholder groups – students, teachers, employers. Resources are selected as priorities: Prometheus, Coursera, Udemy, edX.org, Khan Academy, navychka. Of those students who use electronic resources of non-formal education, only 13.6% allocate more than four hours a week. The orientation of students is considered according to the priority motivation for educational activities, directed to: self-improvement; professional self-improvement; communication and interaction, expanding one’s social space. Four priorities have been identified: 50% determined that the purpose of obtaining an education is to improve knowledge and skills in the field of study, 36% – personal development, 30% – acquisition of skills and abilities outside the field of study; 27% – expansion of the sphere of communication. An important indicator for characterizing the orientation was the definition of the desired subject of non-formal education programs: 40.5% of survey participants chose business and entrepreneurship. As for the important criteria in the choice, 66% chose a flexible study schedule, 54% chose the ratio of the price of the study and its potential usefulness; 36% –personally attractive programs.

Keywords: dentistry students; non-formal education; professional development of students.

Abstract: A combination of systemic antibiotics with scaling may provide an additional advantage over scaling alone in the periodontitis treatment in terms of clinical loss of attachment and change in pocket depth. The use of antibiotics should be justified by a determined need and should not replace adequate local treatment. Different treatment protocols have been proposed, but their indications and efficacy remain controversial. The study aims to analyse the literature on the use of antimicrobial agents for non-surgical periodontal therapy and to compare different protocols for prescribing antimicrobial agents. A search in MEDLINE and EBSCOhost electronic databases was conducted using relevant MeSH words. Targeted studies had to be published within the last five years. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from selected studies were extracted and analysed. Ten randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The general conclusions of this review indicate a positive effect of antibiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis, regardless of antimicrobial drugs used in the reviewed studies. A prospect for further research is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of antimicrobial agents and probiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Chronic periodontitis, Non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis, Periodontal pocket, Systemic antibiotics.