The aim: We study vascular-platelet hemostasis peculiarities in patients with severe trauma. Materials and methods: We included 50 patients, who were divided into control (n=15) and study (n=35) groups. The control group included patients without traumatic injuries, study group – patients with severe trauma. The study group was divided into the I subgroup (patients received 1 g tranexamic acid IV at the prehospital stage), and the II subgroup (1 g tranexamic acid IV after hospital admission). Results: The main changes in the I subgroup started on the 3rd day, while in the II subgroup – on the 1st day. Patients of both subgroups on the 1st and 3rd days had a normal number of platelets in venous blood, however, on the 3rd day, there was a decreasing level of discocytes whereas the level of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The changes in vascular-platelet hemostasis in patients appeared in the I subgroup on the 3rd day, while in the II subgroup – on the 1st day. For the I subgroup was the decreasing level of discocytes, whereas the level of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased. For the II subgroup on the 1st day, there was an increasing sum of active forms of platelets, on the 3rd day – the level of discocytes was decreased, and levels of discoechinocytes, spherocytes, spheroechinocytes, and the sum of active forms of platelets were increased.
KEY WORDS: coagulopathy, severe trauma, platelets activation, vascular-platelet hemostasis

Objective. Nanotechnology is spreading among all areas of life, from everyday devices to medicine. The concept of nanotechnology argues that not only can new physical and chemical properties of materials be discovered, but also the new potential of nanostructures when reduced to the nanoscale. The growing interest in the application of nanomaterials in dentistry contributes to the proliferation of the range of nanomaterials used by specialists. The purpose of this review of information sources was to analyze the prospects for the use of nanomaterials in dentistry. Methods. We used the bibliographic semantic method of research, for which we analyzed electronic databases of primary literature sources Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate, PubMed, MDPI, and MedLine. English-language scientific articles published after 2017 were taken into consideration. Results. According to the results of a search study among modern information primary sources, nanotechnology improves the preventive properties of oral care products, improves the structuralmechanical and aesthetic properties of composite mixtures for dentistry, overcomes the problems of the clinical application of dental implants.
Despite the prospects of nanotechnology applications in medicine in general and dentistry in particular, the existing economic and technological problems require a thorough solution for further implementation of nanostructures. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the analysis of modern trends in the application of nanotechnology in dentistry is carried out and the peculiarities of materials are highlighted, the problems and prospects of nanostructures implementation in modern dental implantology are given, physical, chemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of nanomaterials are evaluated. The effect of nanomaterials on the microbial adhesion of the tooth or implant surface is described.
Practical significance. The presented publication can become a scientific basis for the solution of urgent problems hindering the introduction of nanotechnology into dental practice. Conclusions. Thus, the use of nanostructures opens up great opportunities for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, not only of dental nature but also in medicine in general.
Keywords: nanotechnology, dentistry, composites, implants, endodontics.

УДК 616.314–089.23:616.31–022–07

Introduction. Reuse of implant healing abutments is common in dental practice, most of all because of economical reasons. The aim of the study. To analyze and compare the colonization of new and reused dental implant healing abutments by oral microbiota in patients during implantation. Materials and methods. 4 groups, 20 patients, 36 healing abutments were examined using clinical and microbiological methods. Results. Clinical and microbiological analysis showed that biofilm formation was statistically higher on IHAs, which were reused, than on new ones. Conclusions. The practice of reusing healing abutments between patients should be reconsidered.
Key words: dental implant, healing abutment, biofilm, bacteria, periimplantitis, mucositis, reuse.

Вступ. Процедура дентальної імплантації стала в останні роки дуже популярною та все частіше використовується в практиці лікаря-стоматолога. Проте асоційовані з нею патологічні стани, такі, як перимукозит і періімплантит, досі становлять велику проблему, з якою стикаються імплантологи. Повторне використання формувачів ясен є поширеним явищем у стоматологічній практиці, переважно через економічні причини, проте це може бути недостатньо безпечно Мета. З’ясувати й порівняти колонізацію представниками мікробіоти порожнини рота нових і повторно використовуваних формувачів ясен після проведення дентальної імплантації. Матеріали й методи. В дослідженні брали участь 4 групи по 5 випадково відібраних пацієнтів у кожній, усього 36 формувачів ясен 3 та 5 мм заввишки. Аналіз утворення нальоту на формувачах було проведено клінічно, використовуючи таблетки для забарвлення нальоту. Матеріалом для мікробіологічного дослідження слугували формувачі ясен та
сформована на них біоплівка. Мікроорганізми були ідентифіковані відповідно до класифікаційних даних, запропонованих у 9-му виданні
посібника Bergey. Статистичну обробку результатів проводили за допомогою програмного забезпечення статистичного аналізу даних для
біомедичних досліджень «Instat» (GraphPad Software Inc.). Результати. Клінічний та мікробіологічний аналізи показали, що утворення біоплівки було статистично вищим на формувачах ясен пацієнтів, які були використані повторно, ніж на нових. Висновки. Варто переглянути повторне використання формувачів ясен між пацієнтами під час імплантації в практиці лікаря-стоматолога.
Ключові слова: дентальний імплантат, формувач ясен, біофільм, бактерії, періімплантит, перімукозит, повторне використання.

 УДК: 616.314.17-008.1-007.17-036.1-076.4

У роботі досліджувалися дистрофічні зміни всіх структур пародонту та зубів у хворих на пародонтоз та
генералізований пародонтит. Характерні ознаки патологічного контуру ясен, а також інші клініко-рентгенологічні особливості дистрофії відрізняються у хворих на пародонтоз та генералізований пародонтит і сприяють покращенню їх диференційної діагностики. При ультраструктурному дослідженні ясен пацієнтів із пародонтозом виявлено дисемінований мікротромбоз, мукоїдний набряк та фібриноїдну трансформацію проміжної сполучної тканини та коагуляційно-дистрофічні зміни тканин і клітин пародонту.  

УДК 616.98:579.834.114-053.2

Abstract. Neuroborreliosis constitutes a neurological sequelae of Lyme disease, due to the pathogenic activity of the spirochetal agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. Transmission of this microorganism to human hosts occurs through the bite of an infected tick. The persistent intracellular presence of Borrelia burgdorferi gives rise to a primary cutaneous manifestation known as erythema migrans. Later, at advanced stages of the
disease, it can lead to central nervous system involve. The aim is to present a case study of a 15-year-old female patient with neuroborreliosis, a neurological complication of Lyme disease, and to discuss the possible mechanisms of this complication. Material and methods. Clnical, laboratory, instrumental examination and neurological status assessment of the patient M revealed the Facial muscles palsy on the left side of the face, with no signs of Meningitis. The hospital conducted tests for Borreliosis, a lumbar puncture, and an MRI of the brain. Results. This clinical report demonstrate the progression of neuroborreliosis, marked by encephalitis and facial nerve palsy, in a 15-year-old female patient. Unfortunately, Lyme borreliosis was detected in the late stages of the disease because the primary symptoms that occur in the early, localized stage - erythema migrans - were сomitted. Nonetheless, the identification of neuroborreliosis and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic interventions (Ceftriaxone & Doxycycline, Prednisolone, Acetazolamide prescription) facilitated the patient’s recovery. The discussion presents possible mechanisms for the development of this complication. Conclusions. With this clinical case, we aimed to demonstrate the development of neuroborreliosis with encephalitis and palsy of the facial nerve in an 15-year-old girl, the rare childhood diseases in our regions. Unfortunately, Lyme borreliosis was detected in the late stages of the disease because the primary symptoms that occur in the early, localized stage - erythema migrans - were omitted. However, the diagnosis of neuroborreliosis
and adequate treatment contributed to the patient’s recovery. The discussion presents possible mechanisms for the development of this complication.
Key words: Neuroborreliosis, Lyme diseases, Encephalitis, Facial nerve palsy, children, treatment.