UDC: 611.12:611.013:611.061.1

ABSTRACT. Embryonic heart morphogenesis is a complex and dynamic process, and its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. A wide range of methods are used to study spatial transformations of the heart and its chambers, including histological methods, scanning electron microscopy, optical scanning microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and com-binations thereof. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Numerous computer models of the heart have been created, based on the analysis of well-known embryonic collections. These models have provided a thorough morpho-metric study of embryonic organ transformations from Carnegie stages 11 to 23 (until the end of the 8th week of gestation). However, only a few similar studies exist in the early fetal period—from the 9th to the 15th week. It should be noted that this period of intrauterine development is extremely important for the final formation of the morphological profile of many cardiac defects. Furthermore, the early fetal heart is characterized by the greatest lack of information regarding the quanti-tative parameters of the numerous developing structures in various cardiac chambers. Thus, many details of cardiac mor-phogenesis are only now being elucidated, in part due to the complex geometric transformations of the chamber cavities and wall structures. These details contribute to a better understanding of the architecture of the embryonic heart and allow for the quantitative assessment of a wide range of chamber geometric parameters and heart wall structures. They also offer a new tool for studying normal cardiogenesis and the development of congenital heart defects. This makes it crucial to use modern tools for 3D modeling of the developing heart based on visual information obtained using classical light and electron microscopy.

Heavy menstrual bleeding is the dominant symptom in girls/women with von Willebrand disease (VWD), affecting »80 to  90%. Female patients with VWD are typically diagnosed later than males, despite the disproportionate impact of heavy menstrual bleeding.
 Although heavy menstrual bleeding has a substantial impact on patients, it is commonly undertreated in part because of the potential multifacto rial causes in young girls/women, imprecise definition, and exclusion of this bleeding type as an indication for prophylaxis in previous studies. The WIL-31 study showed that prophylaxis with wilate (a plasma-derived von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate with a 1:1 activity ratio) is highly
 efficacious in reducing bleeding rates in adults and children with VWD of all types. The impact of wilate prophylaxis on heavy menstrual bleeding was evaluated as an exploratory endpoint since it was not included as part of the primary endpoint.

Abstract

Background: Prophylaxis with von Willebrand factor is recommended in people with severe von Willebrand disease (VWD), regardless of age. WIL-31, the only prospective study with an on-demand run-in study as an intraindividual comparator, demonstrated the efficacy and safety of prophylaxis with the plasma-derived von Willebrand factor/
factor VIII concentrate wilate (Octapharma) in adults and children with VWD of all types. Prophylaxis is often considered in young children and adolescents with severe VWD and recurrent bleeding, although limited data support this strategy