Impact of surgery is examined in individuals with combined stenotic-occlusive lesions of extracranial and femoralpopliteal-tibial arteries to determine its effects on functional recovery and quality of life. A 50-patient prospective cohort study. Men made up 92% of patients. The age distribution between 51 and 70 suggests a demographic background for surgical procedures, however caution is advised. Surgery frequency shows that bypass surgery is 40% common and that angioplasty, angioplasty with stent, and endarterectomy are versatile. After surgery, quality of life improved statistically, demonstrating the efficacy of therapies beyond functional recovery. While weariness during exercise varied, the overall beneficial outcomes suggest that surgical procedures can improve the lives of vascular disease patients. The findings enrich treatment plans and improve knowledge of subtle outcomes in functional recovery and QOL for doctors, researchers, and patients.

Abstract. Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pressing issue in modern society. While excess circulating glucose and insulin resistance contribute to its pathogenesis, the diagnosis poses particular challenges. The purpose of the study was to identify new additional non-invasive diagnostic markers of NAFLD and the risk of developing comorbid diseases in these patients. Materials and methods. The study involved 64 men aged
39 to 62 years: 35 patients were diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to EASL-EASD-EASO guidelines, 29 patients comprised the control group. The results of complete blood count, biochemical blood tests, and abdominal ultrasound were evaluated in both groups. Results. Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher body weight and body mass index, higher glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins,
atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Additional non-invasive markers of NAFLD were high body mass index, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, and alanine aminotransferase, which may also indicate future risks of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions. Among patients with NAFLD within three
years, hypertension occurred in 22.2 % of cases and type 2 diabetes in 20.0 %, which is higher than in patients without NAFLD (8.7 and 4.3 %, respectively). We found that at the time of initial examination, patients with NAFLD had higher body weight and body mass index, as well as higher glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. From these metrics, we identified high body mass index, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase as potential non-invasive risk markers for NAFLD. This highlights the importance of studying them for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and hypertension, which could improve the treatment of this cohort of patients in the future.
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; type 2 diabetes; hypertension; obesity; non-invasive diagnostic markers

Abstract. It has been established that the use of various types of orthodontic appliences for the treatment of maxillofacial anomalies is accompanied by a violation of hygienic status, dysbiotic changes in periodontal tissues, changes in mineralization and structure of bone tissue, hemodynamic and microcirculatory disorders, decrease in the local immune response. Orthodontic treatment, having a double effect on the state of periodontal tissues, significantly improves periodontal health, but at the same time it can have negative consequences on the periodontal status of patients, such as: gum recession, loss of epithelial attachment and formation of gum pockets. This causes the rapid development and progression of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues such as catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis, as well as generalized periodontitis in young and able to work individuals. That is why the analysis of this problem is relevant and necessary for deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of the development of this pathology in persons having orthodontic treatment, for its timely diagnosis and prevention.

Key words: periodontal disease, orthodontic appłiences, maxillofacial anomalies, ligature and self-ligating bracket systems.

Introduction. The analysis of scientific literature gives the grounds to systematize the peculiarities of periodontal health and periodontal desease in patiens during orthodontal treatment  by modern appliences.

Considering the high prevalence of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients on one side, spreading of new orthodontic technologies from another side, the approach has to be actualized.

The aim of the work is to review and analyze modern professional literature on the impact of orthodontic treatment of maxillofacial anomalies on the periodontal status of patients, in particular, the subsiqent pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of periodontal diseases in this category of patients.

 Materials and methods.

To write the article, bibliometric and analytical methods, data from international scientific sources in the field of studying the impact of orthodontic treatment on the state of periodontal tissues were used.

This article focuses on the retentive properties of teeth prepared for metalceramic crowns and bridges. A total of 268 teeth prepared for metalceramic restorations were studied, as well as three- and twodimensional images of 3D-scanned plaster models. Results of the study: The minimal preparation cone was 4,5° and the maximum was 51,5°. In general, satisfactory tooth preparation was found in 31 out of 268 teeth or 11,56% of the total number of columns examined. The remaining 237 teeth (88,44%) were characterized by unsatisfactory preparation parameters. Conclusion: In general, acceptable tooth preparation was found in 31 teeth out of 268, which is 11,56% of the total number of examined samples. The remaining 237 teeth (88,44%) were characterized by unsatisfactory preparation parameters. Keywords: Total convergence angle, metalceramic, fixed prosthodontics

In modern surgical dental practice, dentists often face the need to close soft tissue defects in the oral cavity. Recent research has been aimed at developing surgical methods that would ensure the sanitation of the inflammatory lesion, the revival of physiological processes at the site of the soft tissue defect, or create conditions for their recovery and ensure full function. The ease of access to the buccal fat pad arouses interest in its use for closing defects. The study aimed to analyze and study the literature data on various methods of using buccal fat pads for autotransplantation in the treatment of maxillofacial defects in comparison with the use of other grafts. Results: In recent years, methods of reconstructive plastic surgery using autografts have become widespread. There is evidence in the literature of positive results of surgical closure of tissue defects using autografting of adipose tissue and, in particular, the buccal fat pad. The buccal fat pad has its connective tissue capsule and a well-developed vascular network, which provides nutrition to the graft and rapid healing of the postoperative wound; it does not require preliminary preparation and adaptation to the recipient bed. This allows it to be used in maxillofacial surgery to close defects of the upper jaw, eliminate the oral-antral junction, reconstruction of intraoral defects, such as oroantral fistula, in the loss of mandibular bone mass in the areas of molars and premolars, to eliminate defects after treatment of oncological processes of the face. Conclusions: The favorable anatomical location, good blood supply, and almost complete absence of innervation of the buccal fat pad alleviate the surgeon's task and give better results of operations. The study proves the process of wound epithelialization one week after surgery and a stable clinical flow without complications in the long-term follow-up, which proves the relevance of the use of the buccal fat pad in modern maxillofacial surgery to improve existing and develop new methods of autotransplantation. Keywords: Buccal fat pad, maxillofacial defects, methods of reconstructive plastic surgery, osteoplastic materials, autografting, long-term follow-up