Introduction:
Studies on age differences of arterial trauma (AT) carry significant methodological differences in terms of selection of the most appropriate age classification.

Aim:
This study aims to verify the most optimal age classification when comparing clinical patterns of the civil AT.

Material and methods:
222 AT patients were identified from the Lviv Clinical Regional Hospital. In each case the following clinical patterns were identified: patient age, etiology, mechanism, AT type, topography, diagnostics mode, treatment type. Patients were distributed using six age classifications (Erikson 1950, UN 1989, Quinn 1994, Craig 2000, WHO physical activity recommendations 2010, by decades of life). Generalized linear models (GLMs) were created, with age distributions as predictors and clinical patterns as dependent factors. Akaike information criterion (AIK) was used to compare the quality of statistical sets.

Results and discussion:
Six GLMs were obtained, in each age of them age classifications were compared using the AIK. Rating list of age classifications was developed (starting with the most appropriate and ending with the least appropriate): E. Erikson (1950) → V. Quinn (1994) → G. Craig (2000) → UN (1989) → Decades → WHO (2010).

Conclusions:
Human development classifications may be preferable in assessing the age differences of AT in patients of wide range.

Introduction: Actuality to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms in the aneurysm wall launching the progression and potentially rupture may be helpful to optimize the clinical decision making process among patients with unruptured cranial aneurysms (totally fast 18 million in Europe), especially asymptomatic with low score according to specific scales such as PHASES und UIATS.

Aim of the study was to gather and analyze the current relevant scientific achievements describing the pathophysiology of inflammatory remodeling of aneu rysm wall resulting in the degeneration und poor clinical outcome.

Material and methods: 529 patients with unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms are being observed and treated during 2013-2023. 19.1% have already been operated (98% endovascular, 2% transcranial approach). Among them 19.8% had multiple, 4.95% – mirror intracranial aneurysms. Primarily we used PHASES and in the last years UIATS Score to estimate and individualize the risk of aneurysm rupture. We conducted also the literature review using the PubMed service.

Results and discussion: Our findings correlate with literature data confirming the thickening of aneurysm wall, myointimal hyperplasia und hypocellularity with accelerated collagen breakdown. The high wall shear stress activates pro-inflammatory signaling thorough macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) promoting the smooth muscle cell proliferation being thus a promising target for drug therapy. This process increases the aneurysm wall permeability, which can be detected using the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR perfusion.

Conclusions: The detection of biochemical markers of aneurysm wall remodeling with modern radiological correlates looks promising to improve the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rupture of the cerebral aneurysms.

UDC 616.33-006-092-089-033.2: 617.55-006]-07

Peritoneal metastases are commonly associated with gastric cancer (GC) recurrence after radical treatment. Thus, patients at a high risk of peritoneal relapse require adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy during the ini tial treatment. Along with clinical and morphological predictors of peritoneal relapse, another approach in surgi cal oncology is proving to be promising today. It refers to the prediction of the risk of developing metachronous peritoneal metastases in various molecular types of GC.

OBJECTIVE — to study the risk of peritoneal relapse in patients with the genomically stable type of GC in com parison to its other molecular types.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

. 37 patients with GC were enrolled into the study and evaluated after the radical treat ment. 19 (51.4 %) patients formed a subgroup with peritoneal relapse and 18 patients (48.6 %) were included into a subgroup without metachronous carcinomatosis in the long term. All patients underwent immunohisto chemical study for the E-cadherin (CDH1 gene) expression in a gastric tumor. The genomically stable molecular type was identified on the basis of the aberrant E-cadherin (CDH1-mutated) tumor phenotype detection.

RESULTS

. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.022,  2= 5.22) in the degree of aberrant E-cadherin expression in subgroups of patients with and without peritoneal relapse — 68.4 and 33.3 %, respectively. Hence, it was noted that the genomically stable molecular type had a significant influence on the risk of peritoneal recur rence: the 2-year peritoneal relapse-free survival of GC patients with E-cadherin of aberrant type was 31.6 %, and in GC patients with wild-type E-cadherin expression — 71.4 % (p = 0.022). The 2-year overall survival of GC patients with aberrant type E-cadherin expression was 36.8 %, whereas in GC patients with E-cadherin of the wild type — 77.8 % (p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS. The study found that the genomically stable molecular type of GC may serve as a predictive factor associated with an increased probability of peritoneal relapse, as well as a prognostic factor due to its negative impact on patient prognosis. The genomically stable molecular type of GC may be used as a tool for forming a cohort of patients with indications for adjuvant intraperitoneal therapy.

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pressing issue in modern society. While excess circulating glucose and insulin resistance contribute to its pathogenesis, the diagnosis poses particular challenges. The purpose of the study was to identify new additional non-invasive diagnostic markers of NAFLD and the risk of developing comorbid diseases in these patients. Materials and methods. The study involved 64 men aged 39 to 62 years: 35 patients were diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to EASL-EASD-EASO guidelines, 29 patients comprised the control group. The results of complete blood count, biochemical blood tests, and abdominal ultrasound were evaluated in both groups. Results. Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher body weight and body mass index, higher glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Additional non-invasive markers of NAFLD were high body mass index, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, and alanine aminotransferase, which may also indicate future risks of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions. Among patients with NAFLD within three years, hypertension occurred in 22.2 % of cases and type 2 diabetes in 20.0 %, which is higher than in patients without NAFLD (8.7 and 4.3 %, respectively). We found that at the time of initial examination, patients with NAFLD had higher body weight and body mass index, as well as higher glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. From these metrics, we identified high body mass index, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, alkaline phosphatase as potential non-invasive risk markers for NAFLD. This highlights the importance of studying them for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and hypertension, which could improve the treatment of this cohort of patients in the future.

PURPOSE Cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) programs are often limited to centers in developed countries because of extensive requirements. We aimed to analyze efficacy and challenges of CRS/HIPEC centers in lower-middle–income settings in the Ukraine example.

METHODS A multicenter descriptive study was conducted using data sets (2008-2022) from Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa centers. Patients with appendiceal neoplasm (AN); colorectal cancer (CRC); malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM); and epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer (EOC) treated with CRS 6 HIPEC were included. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed for N ≥ 20 cohorts using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS We included 596 patients. At Kyiv and Lviv centers, 37 and 28 patients with AN had completeness of cytoreduction (CC-0/1) rates of 84% and 71%, respectively. Thirty-day major morbidity stood at 24% and 18%, respectively. Median OS was not reached (NR) at both centers. Nineteen patients with CRC from Kyiv, 11 from Lviv, and 156 from Odesa had CC-0/1 rates of 84%, 91%, and 86%, respectively. Thirty-day major complications occurred in 16%, 18%, and 8%, respectively. Median OS in the Odesa cohort was 35 (95% CI, 32 to 38) months. Among 15 Kyiv, five Lviv, and six Odesa patients with MPM, CC-0/1 rates were 67%, 80%, and 100%, respectively, while major complications occurred in 13%, 0%, and 17%, respectively. OS was not analyzed because of small MPM cohorts. At Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa centers, 91, 40, and 89 patients, respectively, had primary EOC. CC-0/1 rates were 79%, 100%, and 80%, and 30-day major morbidity rates were 23%, 5%, and 6%, respectively. Median OS was NR, 71 (95% CI, 32 to 110), and 67 (95% CI, 61 to 73) months, respectively.

CONCLUSION CRS/HIPEC programs in lower-middle–income environment can achieve safety and survival that meet global standards. Our discussion highlights common obstacles in such settings and proposes effective overcoming strategies.